顾及地球曲率和大气折光的全站仪观测距离精密归算  

Precision distance reduction for total station with consideration of earth curvature and atmosphere refraction

作　　者：叶超 胡耀文 江华 罗刊[2] YE Chao;HU Yaowen;JIANG Hua;LUO Kan(Changshou Surveying and Planing Institute of Chongqing,Chongqing,401220,China;The Second Institute of Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.of China Railway Corporation,Chengdu,Sichuan,610031,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市长寿勘测规划院,重庆401220 [2]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《测绘技术装备》2022年第2期110-113,共4页Geomatics Technology and Equipment

摘　　要：在采用全站仪和GNSS进行精密工程测量时,需要利用全站仪对GNSS观测的基线长度进行检验。为了便于距离对比,需要将全站仪直接观测得到的仪器与棱镜间的距离归算为标志点间的距离。由于受大气折光的影响,全站仪瞄准棱镜的实际视线与理想视线存在垂直角度差,进而对全站仪的距离归算带来误差。本文推导了顾及地球曲率和大气折光影响的全站仪观测距离的精密归算公式,提出采用全站仪对向观测进行大气折光系数反演的方法,为全站仪距离的精密归算提供了理论及实践指导。此研究成果解决了GNSS与全站仪基线长度的基准统一及精确对比问题,该方法为全站仪平面网观测中平距观测值的精确获取提供了重要的应用方案。Total station and GNSS are widely used in precise engineering surveying,it is necessary to check the baseline length of GNSS by total station.For distance comparison,the distance from instrument to prism directly observed by total station need to be reduced to the distance between the mark points.Due to the influence of atmospheric refraction,there is a vertical angle deviation between the actual sight of the total station and the ideal line of sight,which introduces error to the distance calculation of the total station.This paper derives the precise distance reduction formula for total station considering the influence of earth curvature and atmospheric refraction,proposes the atmospheric refraction coefficient inversion method by reciprocal observation,which provides theoretical and practical guidance for the precision distance reduction of total station.The research unifies the distance reference for the baseline comparison of GNSS and total station,and can also be used to obtain the horizontal distance accurately in control network surveying,which has important application value.

关 键 词：地球曲率 大气折光 对向观测 斜距归算 平距归算 

分 类 号：P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]