重庆花椒主产区土壤养分分布特征及综合肥力评价  

Characteristics of Nutrient Distribution and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fertility of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Orchards Soil in Chongqing

作　　者：魏勇 王帅 赵敬坤 彭清 王洋 李志琦 蔡国学 杨林生[1] 徐文静 张建伟 王洁[1,4,5] 张跃强 石孝均[1,4,5] WEI Yong;WANG Shuai;ZHAO Jingkun;PENG Qing;WANG Yang;LI Zhiqi;CAI Guoxue;YANG Linsheng;XU Wenjing;ZHANG Jianwei;WANG Jie;ZHANG Yueqiang;SHI Xiaojun(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chongqing 401122,China;Chongqing Jiangjin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jiangjin Chongqing 402260,China;National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils,Chongqing 400715,China;Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401122 [3]重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心,重庆江津402260 [4]国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地,重庆400715 [5]西南大学农业科学研究院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第7期48-58,共11页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0200104);云南科技人才与平台计划项目(2019IC026)。

摘　　要：通过分析重庆市江津花椒主产区2013年土壤养分质量分数分布特征,并对126个定点监测椒园(2006-2013年)的土壤肥力变化特征和肥力水平进行研究和评价,以期为重庆市花椒园土壤综合肥力调控提供理论依据.结果表明:2013年全区椒园土壤pH均值为6.0,呈南高北低的空间分布;土壤有机质质量分数为14.2 g/kg,在空间上分布较均匀,但处于缺乏水平;土壤碱解氮和速效钾平均质量分数分别为85.8 mg/kg, 119.1 mg/kg,中等及以上样点占比分别为35.4%和55.3%,但南北差异较大;土壤速效磷平均质量分数为7.6 mg/kg,处于缺乏水平,极缺乏的样点占比22.0%,且集中在西南片区;土壤有效微量元素平均质量分数为1.9~107.7 mg/kg,均达到很丰富的水平,除有效锌、有效锰在空间上为均匀分布外,其余呈斑块状分布.此外,126个定点监测椒园的土壤肥力变化特征研究结果表明:2006-2013年土壤pH值平均下降0.5个单位,土壤酸化严重;较2006年,除有机质和有效钾基本不变外,2013年土壤碱解氮提高了34.2%,而速效磷降低了21.9%;有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰平均质量分数分别是2006年的2.2~3.6倍,2013年各指标变异系数较2006年平均下降了16.8%.最后利用因子分析法和内梅罗指数法评价定点监测椒园土壤综合肥力水平,表明重庆花椒主产区土壤综合肥力在7年间分别提升了13.3%和18.2%,但仍处于较低水平(Ⅲ级),其中土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮为主要限制因子.建议在椒园进行枝条还田、种植绿肥或施用有机肥来提高土壤有机质、调节土壤pH,并结合土壤养分空间分布特征,合理施肥以保障花椒绿色可持续生产.This study summarized and analyzed the soil fertility properties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards(2013) in the main producing areas of Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China. In order to provide theoretical basis for comprehensively regulating the soil fertility of Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards in Chongqing, the change characteristics and level of soil fertility in the monitored Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards(2006-2013) were studied and evaluated. The results showed that the average soil pH of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards in 2013 was 6.0, showing a spatial distribution of high value in the south and low value in the north. Soil organic matter content was 14.2 g/kg. The spatial distribution was relatively uniform, but it was in the level of deficiency. The average content of available N and K was 85.8 mg/kg and 119.1 mg/kg, respectively. The proportions of the samples in the medium level and above were 35.4% and 55.3%, but there was a large difference between the north and south. The average content of available P was 7.6 mg/kg, which was in deficiency. The proportion of samples with extremely deficiency of available P accounted for 22.0% and concentrated in the southwest area. The soil was rich in available Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn at average contents of 1.9-107.7 mg/kg. The contents of available Zn and Mn had an even spatial distribution, while the contents of other available micro nutrients showed a pathed distribution. The changes on characteristics of soil fertility in monitored Zanthoxylum bungeanum orchards showed that from 2006 to 2013, the average soil pH decreased by 0.5 units, indicating the soil acidification was serious. Compared with 2006, soil available N in 2013 increased by 34.2%, while available P decreased by 21.9%. The average contents of available Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were 2.2-3.6 times of 2006. Compared with 2006, the spatial variation coefficient of all indexes in 2013 decreased by 16.8%. In addition, factor analysis and Nemerow index method were used to analyze the comprehensive fertility level

关 键 词：九叶青花椒 土壤养分 土壤综合肥力 养分分布特征 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学] S158