动力扰动作用下多功能岩石结构面剪切试验装置研制与应用研究  

Development and application of multifunctional shear test apparatus for rock discontinuity under dynamic disturbance loading

作　　者：崔国建[1,2] 张传庆 周辉[1,2] 卢景景 高阳[1,2] 胡明明 胡大伟[1,2] CUI Guo-jian;ZHANG Chuan-qing;ZHOU Hui;LU Jing-jing;GAO Yang;HU Ming-ming;HU Da-wei(State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《岩土力学》2022年第6期1727-1737,共11页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U1865203,No.52109142,No.41941018);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)项目(No.KFJ-STS-QYZD-174)。

摘　　要：动力扰动是导致岩石结构面滑动失稳进而触发地震、岩爆等强动力型地质灾害的重要诱因。为研究动力扰动作用下岩石结构面力学响应及其活化致灾机制,自主研制了动力扰动作用下多功能岩石结构面剪切试验装置。该装置主要包括用于施加准静态荷载、多种法向边界条件、复杂波形宽频率动力扰动荷载(0.5~50 Hz)及宽频剪切速率(0.0001~10 mm/s)的法向和切向加载系统,施加冲击动力扰动荷载的摆锤冲击系统,开展循环往复剪切试验的剪切盒,数据采集和控制系统。通过控制软件编程,可开展不同剪切速率下恒定法向荷载、恒定法向刚度、卸法向荷载、变法向刚度和动态法向荷载条件下岩石结构面单调或循环剪切试验,静载叠加动载剪切试验,速率和应力阶跃试验和摆锤冲击剪切试验等。应用该装置开展了初步的试验研究,验证了试验过程中该装置具有良好的稳定性和准确性。该装置的研发对认识动力扰动作用下岩石结构面的响应特征,深入理解地震、岩爆等强动力型地质灾害的岩石结构面活化失稳触发效应及致灾机制具有重要的科学意义和工程价值。Dynamic disturbance is an important influence factor that causes the sliding instability of rock discontinuity and then triggers strong dynamic geological disasters,such as earthquake and rock burst.In order to study the mechanical response and disaster-causing mechanism of rock discontinuity under dynamic disturbance loading,a multifunctional shear test apparatus for rock discontinuity under dynamic disturbance loading(DDST-1800)is independently developed.The test apparatus is composed of normal and shear loading units with quasi-static loading,varied normal boundary conditions,dynamic disturbance loading with complex and wide-frequency waveform(0.5-50 Hz),and wide-range shear velocity loading(0.0001-10 mm/s)functions,pendulum impact system,cyclic shear box unit,data acquisition and control units.The servo-controlled apparatus DDST-1800 can conduct the following typical tests by programmed operations:monotonic or cyclic direct shear test of rock discontinuity under constant normal load(CNL),constant normal stiffness(CNS),unloading normal load(UNL),variable normal stiffness(VNS),and dynamic normal load(DNL)boundary conditions with different shear velocities,superimposed dynamic disturbance shear test,velocity and stress step tests,and pendulum hammer-driven impact test of rock discontinuity under pre-set normal and shear stress conditions.Preliminary experimental studies were carried out and the results verified the stability and accuracy of the new apparatus.The research and development of the new apparatus has important scientific significance and engineering value for clarifying the dynamic response characteristics of rock discontinuity under dynamic disturbance,and deeply understanding the triggering effect of activation instability of rock discontinuity and disaster-causing mechanism of geological disasters such as earthquake and rock burst.

关 键 词：岩石结构面 动力扰动 阶跃试验 地震监测预报 

分 类 号：TU415[建筑科学—岩土工程]