北京智化寺藏殿:一种空间营造思想的研究  

The Sutra Library of Zhihua Temple in Beijing and the Logic of Spatial Construction

作　　者：李路珂[1] 蒋雨彤 杨志国 LI Luke;JIANG Yutong;YANG Zhiguo

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《建筑史学刊》2022年第2期42-62,共21页Journal of Architectural History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《营造法式》研究与注疏”(17ZDA185);“两宋建筑史料编年研究”(19ZDA199);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于《营造法式》的唐宋时期木构建筑、图像及仿木构建筑中的建筑装饰与色彩案例研究”(51678325)。

摘　　要：北京智化寺藏殿建筑梁架、斗栱、彩画、雕饰与造像完整,是一处难得的完整保留了明代空间特色的建筑遗存。本文以智化寺藏殿及其经藏为主要研究对象,首先通过文字史料与遗迹现象互证,廓清智化寺营造史与藏殿形制中的两大“反常”之处:“快速建造”与“不能转的转轮经藏”,并指出后者可能为明正统年间的新创形式。其次,通过对相关图像与实物的比较及对历史环境的分析,探讨新形式可能的来源。最后,尝试重建明正统年间智化寺藏殿的空间意象,并解析这些意象背后的四种突破“常规”的形式操作方法:一,功能的集约化;二,意义的整合与渗透;三,空间的轴线、比例与分层;四,装饰表皮与结构骨架分离。通过对营造意图与操作方法的双重解读,得以更加深入地认识古代营造者面对特定问题时展现的设计智慧。The sutra library(zangdian) of Zhihua Temple in Beijing is a precious architectural relic. It has not only preserved an almost intact timber-framed structure with dougong but also the paintings, carvings, and sculptures inside the hall(dating from the Ming dynasty),which makes the hall a good testimony to the Ming conception of space. To begin with, the paper explores the hall containing a sutra cabinet through comparison of historical texts and relics(based on data obtained from site investigation). This helps to clarify the two puzzling questions about the short construction period of the temple and the static condition of the ‘revolving’sutra cabinet(chuanlunzang), which probably was a new design invented during the Zhengtong reign period. Next,the paper compares the hall with the art and architecture of other buildings relevant to the study and suggests possible sources for the innovation. Finally, the paper reconstructs the spatial imagery of the sutra library during the Zhengtong reign period and identifies four new methods of formal design operation: first, planning the functional space;second, integrating symbolic content;third, designing the axis, proportion, and layering of space;and fourth, separating decorative finishing and skeleton structure. Looking at the results and the way how to achieve them helps to increase our understanding and knowledge about the design practice of the builders of the past.

关 键 词：北京智化寺 明官式建筑 装饰 经藏 转轮经藏 空间意象 

分 类 号：TU-89[艺术—艺术设计]