论我国刚性最低刑制度的柔性化路径  

On the Flexible Path of the System of Mandatory Minimum Sentences in China

作　　者：陈银珠[1] Chen Yinzhu

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2022年第4期90-104,共15页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：最高人民法院2021年度司法案例研究课题《以人民为中心视域下“情理法”在刑事司法中融合路径案例研究》(项目编号:2021SFAL001);2020年度安徽高校人文社会科学研究重大项目《正当防卫司法适用的保守模式与激活路径研究》(项目编号:SK2020ZD09)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：梳理十几年来数起争议性案例发现,刑事司法中量刑僵化问题较为严重。即裁判者严格按照刑法分则及其司法解释做出的裁判,会违背罪刑相适应原则和民众认同的情理。裁判者做出这些裁判的背后受到刚性最低刑制度的制约。刚性最低刑制度的核心是,刑法分则及其司法解释根据定量情节确定了某类案件的最低刑,但是酌定减轻条款的适用又处于保守状态。刚性最低刑制度导致量刑“刚性有余而柔性不足”,在满足刑事司法统一性的同时,会损害刑事司法的公正性。应该系统归纳酌定减轻条款的裁判规则,通过司法解释、量刑指南或者指导性案例的方式激活酌定减轻条款的适用。这有助于增强刚性最低刑制度的柔性,使得量刑在保持统一性、确定性和可预测性的基础上,也具有适当的灵活性,最终实现刑事司法的公正性。From the controversial cases we can find sentencing rigidity is a very serious problem in criminal law practice.The decisions made by judges according to the specific provisions of criminal law and its judicial interpretations would violate the principle of proportionality and popular support.These decisions are restricted by the system of mandatory minimum sentences which means the specific provisions of criminal law and its judicial interpretation specify the minimum sentences of the special cases,however the article of discretionary mitigating circumstances is in an empty state.The system seeks judicial uniformity but impairs judicial fairness.We should conclude judgment rules of the article of discretionary mitigating circumstances.And these rules should be provided to the judges by the judicial interpretations,the sentencing guidelines and the guiding cases.Activating the article would make the system of mandatory minimum sentences flexible,achieving the sentencing goal of both uniformity and fairness.

关 键 词：量刑僵化 刚性最低刑制度 刑法司法解释 酌定减轻条款的激活 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]