河西绿洲灌区减量灌溉下绿肥对小麦光合源及产量的补偿效应  

Compensation of green manure on photosynthetic source and yield loss of wheat caused by reduced irrigation in Hexi oasis irrigation area

作　　者：杨昭 柴强[1] 王玉 苟志文 樊志龙[1] 胡发龙[1] 殷文[1] YANG Zhao;CHAI Qiang;WANG Yu;GOU Zhi-wen;FAN Zhi-long;HU Fa-long;YIN Wen(State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第6期1003-1014,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子任务(2021YFD1700202-02);国家绿肥产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-22-G-12);基础研究创新群体(20JR5RA037);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(ZCYD-2021-10)。

摘　　要：【目的】资源性缺水严重制约河西绿洲灌区小麦生长,针对小麦种植模式单一,水资源投入量大、利用效率不高等问题,研究限量供水条件下不同处理对小麦光合源及产量的补偿效应,对该区小麦节水种植模式的构建具有重要意义。【方法】河西绿洲灌区麦后复种箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)的田间定位试验始于2017年,供试小麦品种为‘宁春4号’,箭筈豌豆品种为‘兰箭2号’。试验采用裂区设计,设置传统灌水(540 mm,I_(3))、减量50 mm灌水(490 mm,I_(2))、减量100 mm灌水(440 mm,I_(1)) 3个灌水水平和小麦收获后复种并翻压绿肥(WG)、复种但不翻压绿肥(WGr)、休闲(WF) 3种绿肥处理方式。2020―2021年,调查了绿肥小麦光合源(叶面积指数、光合势)和产量补偿效应。【结果】从全生育期平均值来看,与2020和2021年I_(3)处理的小麦叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势(LAD)相比,I_(1)处理小麦LAI分别显著降低了6.26%和5.84%,LAD分别下降了6.21%和5.87%;I_(2)处理小麦LAI分别降低3.55%和2.85%,LAD分别下降3.17%和3.13%(P<0.05);与传统灌水休闲对照(WFI_(3))相比,WGI2的LAI提高了2.31%和3.69%,LAD分别提高了3.07%和4.03%,WGrI_(2)无显著差异,绿肥翻压显示出对I_(2)处理下小麦LAI、LAD的补偿效果。与2020和2021年I_(3)相比,I_(1)处理小麦干物质累积量分别平均显著降低了16.31%和15.19%,籽粒产量分别平均降低了14.00%和12.98%;I_(2)处理小麦干物质累积量分别平均降低6.20%和6.58%,籽粒产量分别平均降低1.78%和4.05%;WGI_(2)小麦干物质累积量较WFI_(3)分别提高了4.84%和5.30%,籽粒产量分别提高了5.89%和6.01%,显示出绿肥翻压对I_(2)下小麦干物质累积和产量的显著补偿效应;而WGrI2产量的补偿效应不明显,且2021年绿肥翻压对I_(2)下光合源、干物质累积量的补偿效应优于2020年。WG对产量的补偿主要归因于对小麦LAI、LAD的同步补偿。【结论】在河西绿洲灌区,复种并翻�【Objectives】Water shortage severely restricts wheat production in Hexi oasis irrigation area.Growing and returning green manure after wheat harvest has been proved to be an effective way of improving wheat yield.We investigated the compensation effect of green manure on wheat growth under condition of irrigation reduction.【Methods】A field experiment of multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest was established in Hexi Oasis irrigation area in 2017,with wheat cultivar Ningchun 4 and Vicia sativacultivar Lanjian2 as tested materials.Three irrigation levels(i.e.,traditional irrigation(540 mm,I_(3)),reduced irrigation by 50 mm(490 mm,I_(2)),and reduced irrigation by 100 mm(440 mm,I_(1)) were setup,and under each irrigation level,three green manure treatments after wheat [i.e.,planting and returning green manure to farmland(WG),planting but not returning green manure to farmland(WGr),and kept fallow(WF)] were setup.The photosynthetic leaf area index(LAI),leaf area duration(LAD) and yield of wheat were investigated in 2019–2021.【Results】During the whole growth periods,compared with I_(3) in 2020 and 2021,I_(1) decreased wheat LAI by 6.26% and 5.84%,and LAD by 6.21% and 5.87%,I_(2) decreased LAI by 3.55% and 2.85%,and LAD by 3.17% and 3.13%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with WFI_(3),WGI_(2) increased wheat LAI and LAD by 2.31% and 3.07% respectively in2020,and by 3.69% and 4.03% respectively in 2021.However,WGrI_(2) had similar LAI and LAD values,indicating the significant compensation of green manure incorporation.Compared with I_(3),I_(1) decreased dry matter accumulation(DMA) and grain yield(GY) by 16.31% and 14.00% respectively in 2020,and by 15.19% and12.98% respectively in 2021;I_(2) decreased DMA and GY by 6.20% and 1.78% respectively in 2020,and by 6.58%and 4.05% respectively in 2021.Compared with WFI_(3),WGI_(2) increased DMA by 4.84% and 5.30%,GY by 5.89%and 6.01%,while WGrI_(2) had similar DMA and GY,indicating the compensation effect of green manure incorporation.The compensation effect

关 键 词：绿肥 减量灌溉 小麦 叶面积指数 光合势 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]