中国火山灾害区划研究历史回顾与未来展望  

REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOLCANIC HAZARD ZONATION IN CHINA

作　　者：许建东[1] 万园[1] 王新茹 潘波[1] 于红梅[1] 赵波[1] 杨文健 XU Jian-dong;WAN Yuan;WANG Xin-ru;PAN Bo;YU Hong-mei;ZHAO Bo;YANG Wen-jian(Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《地质与资源》2022年第3期426-433,共8页Geology and Resources

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项“五大连池火山群深部结构与活动性研究”(IGCEA1703);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目“长白山火山岩浆扰动与喷发灾害研究”(41861144025).

摘　　要：火山灾害区划是防御和减轻火山灾害的一种有效的方法.以中国境内规模最大、喷发危险性最高、潜在火山灾害最强的长白山天池火山为例,回顾我国火山灾害区划研究历史,讨论典型火山喷发活动引起的主要火山灾害类型、成灾机制和灾害效应,总结不同历史阶段各种不同类型火山灾害区划图的优缺点,并结合目前国际上火山灾害区划的研究现状和编图技术,对我国未来编制具有概率含义的火山灾害区划图的思路提出展望.Volcanic hazard evaluation and zonation,as the effective countermeasures,plays an important role in volcanic emergency response and hazard mitigation.Taking Changbaishang volcano as an example,this paper reviews on the study history of volcanic hazard zonation in China.The major types of volcanic hazards in China,which are potentially related with the active volcanoes,involve tephra fallout,pyroclastic flow,lava flow and lahar.The volcanic zoning maps of Changbaishan volcano compiled in 2000 and 2012 respectively show the progresses in volcanic hazard assessment and hazard zonation of China.It is proposed that the probabilistic method such as“event tree”should be applied in compiling the volcanic hazard map of China in future,which represents the most-up-to-date technical trend in volcanic hazard zonation in the world.

关 键 词：火山灾害区划 长白山火山 火山灰 碎屑流 熔岩流 泥石流 

分 类 号：P317.9[天文地球—固体地球物理学]