汉语双音词“所X”的词汇化考察  

Study on lexicalization of Chinese disyllabic word “Suo X”

作　　者：卢佳琦 LU Jia-qi(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《闽西职业技术学院学报》2022年第2期62-67,共6页Journal of Minxi Vocational and Technical College

摘　　要：“所X”是汉语常用结构之一,《现代汉语词典》收录“所属”“所谓”“所有”“所在”“所部”“所以”6个“所X”式双音词。“所”与“X”联合出现时,与现代汉语“所X”的语法语义不同。战国时期,“所谓”由名词性结构演变为词,主要用作引语标记、话题标记、反语标记。东晋时期,“所有”受语境影响由表示“所拥有的”的名词性结构词汇化为表示“全部”义的属性词。“所在”本是强调句中的动宾前置现象,战国后在非强调句中演变为词。双音词“所以”大致产生于汉代,其在句法、语义、类化作用的共同影响下发展为因果连词。“所属”“所部”因指称对象明确,由名词性结构逐渐演变为双音词,“所属”于东晋发生词汇化,“所部”最早出现在东汉。“Suo X”is one of the commonly used structures in Chinese.The Modern Chinese Dictionary includes six disyllabic words of“Suo X”:“Suoshu”,“Suowei”,“Suoyou”,“Suozai”,“Suobu”,“Suoyi”.When“Suo”and“X”appear together in a sentence,the grammatical meaning of“Suo X”is different from that of modern Chinese.In the Warring States Period,“Suowei”evolved from its nominal structure into a word,which was mainly used as a quotation marker,a topic marker,and an irony marker.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty,“Suoyou”,influenced by the context,was transformed from the nominal structure meaning“owned”into an attribute word,indicating the meaning of“all”.“Suozai”was originally a prepositional object phenomenon in an emphatic sentence,but became a word in a non-emphatic sentence after the Warring States Period.The disyllabic word“Suoyi”originated roughly in the Han Dynasty,and developed into a causal conjunction under the joint influence of syntax,semantics and generalization.“Suoshu”and“Suobu”gradually evolved from the nominal structure into a disyllabic word because of the clear reference object.“Suoshu”became lexicalized in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,and“Suobu”first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：双音词 “所X” 词汇化 语法化 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]