北方风沙区放牧和封育对水土保持植被效益的影响分析  

Analysis on Effect of Grazing and Fencing on Efficiency of Soil and Water Conservation of Vegetation in Northern Sandy Region

作　　者：余双武 郭乾坤[1] 陈雨萱 杜鹏飞[1] 秦伟[1] YU Shuangwu;Guo Qiankun;CHEN Yuxuan;DU Pengfei;QIN Wei(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第4期47-53,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“接坝区坡地风水复合侵蚀控制技术研究”(2016YFC0500802)。

摘　　要：为了从宏观层面科学认识北方风沙区放牧和封育对草地水土保持生态效益的影响,搜集并筛选了大量文献,从中采集相关数据,采用荟萃分析方法,研究了典型草原和荒漠草原放牧强度、放牧年限和封育年限对植被地上生物量和植被盖度的影响。结果表明:(1)无论是荒漠草原还是典型草原,随着放牧强度增加,植被相对地上生物量和植被盖度均明显下降;(2)放牧年限对植被地上生物量的影响极显著,长期的放牧会使草原植被地上生物量显著降低;(3)随着封育年限的增加,荒漠草原与典型草原的植被地上生物量和植被盖度都明显增加。综上,放牧和封育都是影响北方风沙区植被生态效益的重要因素,应重点关注其对植被水土保持效益的影响,以实现对该区域的水土保持生态效益进行综合分析,为该区做好水土保持工作提供技术支撑。In order to systematically understand the ecological effects,especially effect of grazing and fencing on soil and water conservation of vegetation in grassland in the northern sandy region,a large number of literature was collected and screened to explore the effects of grazing intensity,grazing period and fencing period on above-ground biomass and vegetation coverage in typical steppe and desert steppe by using meta-analysis.The results indicated that:(1)in both desert steppe and typical steppe,the relative aboveground biomass and relative vegetation coverage decreased substantially with the increase of grazing intensity;(2)the negative effect of grazing period on the relative aboveground biomass was very significant;(3)in both desert steppe and typical steppe,the aboveground biomass and vegetation coverage increased greatly as the fencing period increased.To sum up,grazing and fencing are important factors affecting the ecological benefits of vegetation in the northern sandstorm area.In addition,more attention should be paid to the effects of grazing and fencing on the ecological benefits of soil and water conservation,so as to comprehensively analyze the ecological benefits of soil and water conservation and provide technical support for soil and water conservation in this region.

关 键 词：北方风沙区 封育 放牧 地上生物量 植被盖度 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S812[农业科学—农业基础科学]