黄土和红壤丘陵区输变电线路工程水土流失影响因素及特征  

Influencing Factors and Soil Erosion Characteristics for Transmission Line Engineering in Loess and Red Soil Hilly Region

作　　者：陈晓刚 丰佳 王文龙[2,3] 潘明九 顾晨临 余智芳 伍欢 CHEN Xiaogang;FENG Jia;WANG Wenlong;PAN Mingjiu;GU Chenlin;YU Zhifang;WU Huan(State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company,Hangzhou 310007,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shannxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shannxi 712100,China;Economic and Technological Research Institute,State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company,Hangzhou 310020,China;Northwest Electric Power Design Institute CO.,Ltd.,China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Xi′an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]国网浙江省电力有限公司,杭州310007 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,杭州310020 [5]中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司,西安710075

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第4期192-197,206,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家电网公司总部科技项目“山丘区架空输电线路工程水土保持设计施工关键技术研究”(8100-202019156A-0-0-00)。

摘　　要：为顺应国家电网公司高质量绿色发展的内在需求,防治输电线工程施工过程中造成的严重水土流失。以黄土丘陵区和红壤丘陵区为研究对象,通过野外调查和文献查阅,选取区域内两条典型线路,就气候、地形、土壤和植被等自然因素对输电线路工程水土流失特征的影响进行研究。结果表明:(1)黄土丘陵区相较于红壤丘陵区侵蚀营力除水力之外还有风力。(2)黄土丘陵区土壤渗透性强、土层深厚,而红壤丘陵区质地粘重、遇水易板结、入渗能力差。(3)黄土丘陵区植被自我恢复能力较差,施工过程中需要随时进行补植,而红壤区植被遭受破坏后恢复能力强,即使施工中植被遭受破坏,在短期内也可自然恢复。(4)黄土丘陵区输电线路工程在施工期土壤侵蚀模数是自然恢复期的1~10倍。黄土丘陵区输电线路各区域的土壤侵蚀模数是红壤丘陵区的2.5~31.25倍。(5)黄土丘陵区侵蚀模数在换流站站区、电机电缆区和榆林市线路工程塔基区的侵蚀模数取最大值,换流站站区和线路工程塔基区新增水土流失量最大;而红壤丘陵区输电线路工程侵蚀模数在宜昌市线路工程塔基区取最大值,塔基区的新增水土流失量亦为最大。塔基区是水土流失防治和监测的重点区域。因此,根据当地自然因素差异,分区域设计工程措施,有利于减少水土流失。In order to meet the inherent needs of high-quality green development of the State Grid Corporation of China,prevent and control the serious soil erosion caused by the construction of the transmission line project,taking loess hilly region and red soil hilly region as a study area,we investigated the variation in natural influencing factors of soil erosion such as climate,topography,soil and vegetation and soil erosion characteristics of transmission line engineering through field investigation and literature review.The results show that:soil erosion force in the loess hilly region includes wind and water,which is different from the red soil hilly region where water erosion dominates;the soils in the loess hilly region have strong permeability and deep layer,while the soils in red soil hilly area are characterized by a heavy texture,poor infiltration capacity and high potential of sealing in water;the natural revegetation in the loess hilly region is limited,which means that replanting is needed during the construction process,while the natural revegetation in the red soil region is strong and the revegetation can be restored naturally shortly after the construction;the soil erosion rate during the construction period of the transmission line project in the loess hilly region was 1~10 times that of the natural recovery period;the soil erosion rate of the transmission lines in the loess hilly area was 2.5~31.25 times that of the red soil hilly area;the erosion rate of the loess hilly area reached the largest value in the converter station area,the motor cable area and the tower base area of the Yulin City;the water and soil loss in the converter station area and the line engineering tower base area was the largest;the erosion rate of the transmission line project in the red soil hilly area reached the maximum in the tower base area in Yichang City,and the newly added soil erosion in the tower base area was also the largest;the tower base area was a key area for soil erosion prevention and monitoring.Therefore,acco

关 键 词：输电线路工程 水土流失 影响因子 黄土丘陵区 红壤丘陵区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]