氮肥减量下长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Intercropping of Maize with Hairy Vetch Root Returning to Field on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction

作　　者：卢秉林[1] 车宗贤[1] 张久东[1] 包兴国[1] 吴科生[1] 杨蕊菊[1] LU BingLin;CHE ZongXian;ZHANG JiuDong;BAO XingGuo;WU KeSheng;YANG RuiJu(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water Saving Agricultural,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing andExperimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Gansu),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所/农业农村部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第12期2384-2397,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(绿肥,CARS-22);农业农村部绿肥资源鉴定评价及繁殖入库圃(19210161)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过探讨氮肥减量条件下长期间作毛叶苕子利用其根茬还田对玉米产量及氮肥贡献率的影响,旨为玉米毛叶苕子间作体系的氮肥替代及其氮素资源管理提供科学依据。【方法】试验于2014—2019年在农业农村部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站进行。采用田间试验方法,在不施肥(CK)和习惯施氮(N100)水平下设置单作玉米处理,在90%(N90V)、80%(N80V)、70%(N70V)、60%(N60V)和0%(N0V)的习惯施氮水平下设置玉米毛叶苕子间作处理,共7个处理,3次重复,田间随机区组排列。研究不同氮肥减施条件下,玉米长期间作毛叶苕子后,作物产量、经济效益、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥贡献率的变化规律。【结果】玉米长期间作毛叶苕子利用根茬还田对玉米具有明显的增产优势,而且这种增产优势随间作年限的延长呈增加趋势。相比习惯施氮处理(N100),在化学氮肥减施20%条件下玉米长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田,可以在保证玉米稳产的情况下增收2273.2 kg·hm^(-2)毛叶苕子干草,合计收益增加0.9%,达29686元/hm^(2),同时,氮肥偏生产力和农学效率显著提高20.7%和14.7%;在化学氮肥减施30%的条件下玉米长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田,虽然玉米籽粒产量降幅明显,达7.7%,但是因为可以增收2319.34 kg·hm^(-2)毛叶苕子干草,合计收益与习惯施氮处理持平,达28652元/hm^(2),同时,氮肥偏生产力和农学效率显著提高31.8%和16.3%;在化学氮肥减施40%的条件下玉米长期间作毛叶苕子根茬还田,虽然可以增收2303.09 kg·hm^(-2)毛叶苕子干草,氮肥偏生产力和农学效率也显著提高48.8%和23.8%,但是因为玉米籽粒产量显著降低10.7%,合计收益只有27929元/hm^(2),显著低于习惯施氮处理。【结论】在甘肃河西绿洲灌区玉米生产过程中,氮肥减量条件下长期(9年)间作毛叶苕子利用其根茬还田,若只考虑玉米籽粒产量,则可以替代【Objective】Effects of long-term intercropping hairy vetch and its stubble returning on maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate under nitrogen fertilizer reduction were studied,in order to provide a scientific basis for nitrogen fertilizer substitution and nitrogen resource efficient management in maize/hairy vetch intercropping system.【Method】The field experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2019 at scientific observing and experimental station of arable land conservation and agriculture environment of Gansu Province,Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs.The monocropping maize treatment was set under the levels of no fertilization and conventional nitrogen fertilization,the intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch were set under 90%,80%,70%,60%and 0%of conventional nitrogen application levels,and there were 7 treatments with 3 replicates in a field experiment by using a randomized block design.The changes of crop yield,economic benefits,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate were studied in long-term intercropping of maize with hairy vetch under different nitrogen fertilizer reductions.【Result】The long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning had the obvious advantage for increasing maize yield,the yield increase advantage increased with the lengthening of intercropping years.Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization,the hay yield of hairy vetch could be increased by 2273.2 kg·hm^(-2)under the condition of ensuring stable maize grain yield,the total profit was 29686 yuan/hm^(2)and increased by 0.9%,and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were significantly increased by 20.7%and 14.7%,respectively,in the long-term intercropping system of maize with hairy vetch and hairy vetch stubble returning under the condition of reduced 20%nitrogen fertilizer.Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization,although t

关 键 词：玉米 毛叶苕子 间作 根茬还田 肥料贡献率 产量 氮肥利用率 产值 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]