生育决策、居住安排与女性劳动力市场表现  

Fertility decisions,living arrangement and women’s labor market performance

作　　者：许玲丽[1] 陈彦琳 XU Lingli;CHEN Yanlin(School of Economics,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学经济学院,上海200444

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2022年第6期1530-1543,共14页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般项目(2019BJB020)。

摘　　要：文章研究了生育决策、家庭居住安排和女性劳动力市场表现三者之间的关系,其中劳动力市场表现聚焦在就业决策,劳动强度和劳动效率.研究显示,孩子状况对女性就业和女性劳动强度的影响具有双重效应:即数量效应和结构效应,数量效应体现在女性就业或工作强度减少,结构效应则导致女性就业或工作强度增加;孩子数量对女性工作效率的影响显著为负;上述特征在农村样本中表现突出,而在城市样本中则影响不显著.研究还发现,就业女性,将显著减少生育两个及以上孩子的概率,但如果与父母或配偶父母同住,则生育两个及以上孩子的概率将显著增加.该研究揭示了除了非市场保育,市场保育功能的健全有利于提高生育率.进一步研究发现人口政策的放松,释放了对农村的生育需求,对城市生育决策的影响并不明显.This paper studies the relationship among fertility decisions,family living arrangements decisions and women ’s labor market performance,in which labor market performance is working decision,labor intensity and labor efficiency respectively.Results indicate that the influence of children ’s status on women’s employment and labor intensity has two kinds of effects:quantity effect and structure effect.The quantity effect leads to the decrease of women ’s employment or work intensity,while the structure effect leads to the increase of women ’s employment or work intensity.The number of children has a significant negative impact on women ’s work efficiency.These characteristics are prominent in the rural sample,but insignificant in the urban sample.Studies of fertility decisions have found that women with employment status are significantly less likely to have two or more children,but are significantly more likely to have two or more children if they live with their parents or their spouse ’s parents.Therefore,besides nonmarketing child-care,the improvement of marketing child-care will contribute to the increase in fertility rates.In addition,the relaxation of population policy has released the fertility demand in rural areas,while the impact on urban fertility decision-making has not been found.

关 键 词：就业决策 劳动强度 劳动效率 生育决策 居住安排 

分 类 号：F0G3.4[经济管理—政治经济学]