不同品种小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性及光合基因表达对臭氧浓度升高的响应  

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics and gene expression in different wheat cultivars to elevated ozone concentration at grain filling stage

作　　者：曹际玲 曾青[2] 朱建国[2] CAO Ji-Ling;ZENG Qing;ZHU Jian-Guo(Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province/College of Land Resource and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院/江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第9期2339-2350,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31800520)资助。

摘　　要：利用开放式臭氧(O_(3))浓度升高平台,以不同小麦品种(烟农19和扬麦16)为供试作物,研究了O_(3)浓度升高条件下不同品种灌浆期叶片光合特性和光合基因表达的差异。结果表明,与对照处理相比,O_(3)浓度升高处理达75 d导致小麦灌浆期叶片光合响应参数表观量子效率、最大净光合速率和叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量下降,使得小麦灌浆期叶片总可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量增加。通过荧光定量PCR测定发现,O_(3)浓度升高还引起小麦叶片叶绿体编码基因psaA、psbA和rbcL基因表达下调。不同小麦品种光合生理指标和叶绿体基因表达水平的变化幅度不同,烟农19的响应幅度均大于扬麦16。该研究结果可为O_(3)污染环境下不同小麦品种光合响应差异机制和小麦耐性品种的选育提供理论依据。Elevated ground-level ozone(O_(3))concentration,caused by anthropogenic activities,possesses species-specific or cul-tivars-specific impacts on plant growth and quality.In this study,a field experiment was conducted using two wheat(Tritcium aestivum L.)cultivars(Yannong 19 and Yangmai 16)with different sensitivities to O_(3) with two O_(3) levels(ambient,+50%)in the Chinese free air O_(3) concentration enrichment platform.The light-response curve,photosynthetic pigment,soluble sugar contents,and photosynthetic gene expression levels were investigated.Results showed that O_(3) significantly decreased the apparent quantum yield,maximum net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid contents.However,the contents of total soluble sugar,glucose,fructose,and sucrose were significantly increased under elevated O_(3) concentration.The qRT-PCR revealed that the relative gene expression levels of psaA,psbA,and rbcL were significantly decreased by elevated O_(3) concentration.There were differences in photosynthetic characteristics between two wheat cultivars.Yannong 19 had larger changes in photosynthetic characteristics and the relative chloroplast gene expression levels of psaA,psbA,and rbcL than that of Yangmai 16.This finding can provide theoretical basis for the differential mechanism of photosynthetic response of different wheat varieties and the breed-ing of wheat tolerant varieties under ozone pollution environment.

关 键 词：臭氧 小麦 光合响应 可溶性糖 叶绿体基因表达 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]