不同太子参品种对连作胁迫差异响应及种内间作效应分析  

Differential response of different Radix pseudostellariae cultivars to continuous cropping stress and its intraspecific intercropping effects

作　　者：林志敏 秦贤金 吴红淼[1] 庞孜钦 林文雄[1,2] LIN Zhi-Min;QIN Xian-Jin;WU Hong-Miao;PANG Zi-Qin;LIN Wen-Xiong(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;College of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学农学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第9期2351-2365,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“土存镰刀菌病毒对太子参连作的致害机制研究”(82003884);国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项“作物连作障碍生态防控与消减关键技术”(2017YFE0121800)资助。

摘　　要：探索药用植物环境友好型的连作障碍消减技术是促进中药农业可持续发展的重要路径。本研究首先应用ISSR分子标记技术分析了8个引自我国不同道地产区的栽培品种的遗传多态性,以明确供试品种的遗传差异。2017-2019年,以上述鉴定具有明显差异的不同来源8个太子参品种为供试材料,应用高效气相色谱(HPLC)、高通量测序(HTS)、实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和作物生理学等研究方法,探索其在福建柘荣太子参主要产区的环境适应性及其对连作栽培的响应。在此基础上,选用其中有代表性的2个主栽品种进行种内间作栽培,研究种内间作对重茬太子参生长的影响及其根际微生态变化机制。研究结果表明,供试的8个不同来源太子参品种在福建柘荣太子参主产区的生长表现各异。在头茬条件下,柘参1号、抗病1号和黔太子参1号产量表现最高,江苏句容和宣参1号2个品种产量表现最低。与头茬太子参相比,连作导致苗期和收获期太子参株高降低、根长和最大根围变小、块根缩短以及地上(地下)部鲜重明显下降,最终使单一块根重减小而减产。就药用品质而言,与头茬太子参相比,连作引起太子参主要药用成分的总多糖和环肽B含量均显著下降,而总皂苷的含量显著上升;其中,柘参2号(ZS Ⅱ)在这些活性成分变化上表现尤为突出。本研究证实,异地换种并与当地主栽品种合理间作,可以有效减轻再植病,进而提升重茬太子参的产量与品质。进一步分析结果发现,产生这一间作效应与根际土壤微生物多样性提高有关,即太子参种内间作栽培能显著降低尖孢镰刀菌属等病原菌,同时提高假单胞杆菌等有益菌群丰度,进而改善根际土壤微生物结构及其功能多样性。因此,深入挖掘多品种药用植物种内间作的协同效应潜力、构建与之相适应的配套栽培技术是实现中药农业可持续发展的关键。It is an important pathway to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture to explore the environment-friendly technology to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants. In this study, ISSR molecular marker technique was used to identify 8 cultivars of R. pseudostellariae from different authentic production areas in China, which proved to have obvious molecular polymorphism. Those identified cultivars were then used as experimental materials. High pressure gas chromatography(HPLC), high-through sequencing(HTS), Quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR), and crop physiology technology were used to explore the environmental adaptability of the medicinal plant varieties and their response to continuous cropping in the main producing area of R. pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province during 2017-2019.Based on the results, two representative varieties of R. pseudostellariae were selected for intraspecific intercropping practice to study the effects of intraspecific intercropping on the growth of consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae and its underlying mechanism of microbial flora in the rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the growth performance of these varieties was different grown in authentic production area of R. Pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province. Three cultivars, such as Zhengshen 1(ZSⅠ), Kangbing 1(KB), and Qiantaizishen 1(QT) had the highest medicinal yield, the reverse was true in the case of Jiangsujurong(JR) and Xuanshen 1(XS) cultivars in newly cropping condition. Compared with that of the newly planted, the fresh weight of plant height, root length, and maximum root circumference and aboveground and underground parts decreased significantly at the seedling stage, respectively, thus resulting in shortened root tuber, decreasing single root tuber weight at the mature stage, which was considered as the main reasons for the significant decrease in the yield of R. pseudostellariae after monoculture for two years. In terms of medicinal q

关 键 词：太子参 连作障碍 种内间作 根际微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]