小麦花后穗部温度变化规律及其与产量的关系  

Variation of ear temperature after anthesis and its relationship with yield in wheat

作　　者：王云奇 高福莉 李傲 郭同济 戚留冉 曾寰宇 赵建云 王笑鸽 高国英 杨佳鹏 白金泽 马亚欢 梁月馨 张睿[1] WANG Yun-Qi;GAO Fu-Li;LI Ao;GUO Tong-Ji;QI Liu-Ran;ZENG Huan-Yu;ZHAO Jian-Yun;WANG Xiao-Ge;GAO Guo-Ying;YANG Jia-Peng;BAI Jin-Ze;MA Ya-Huan;LIANG Yue-Xin;ZHANG Rui(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第9期2400-2408,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省引进国内博士专项(F2020221004);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010712146);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M643749)资助。

摘　　要：小麦的体温是反映小麦生态生理状态的重要参数,尽管目前已经从冠层温度的角度对小麦的体温进行了一系列研究,但是小麦花后穗部温度变化规律及其与产量的关系尚不清楚。因此,该研究以本课题筛选的抗旱性差异显著的6个品种为研究对象,调查开花期、花后7、14、21和28 d及成熟期穗部温度,测定穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量。研究发现开花期强抗旱品种旗叶SPAD值显著高于弱抗旱品种;不同品种穗部温度均表现出先降低而后升高的变化趋势,强抗旱品种最低值小于弱抗旱品种,且强抗旱品种和中抗旱品种最低值出现时间推迟1周左右;强抗旱品种穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量显著高于中抗旱品种和弱抗旱品种;开花期旗叶SPAD值、花后7 d穗部温度与产量及产量要素呈现正相关关系,而花后其他时期穗部温度与产量及产量要素有负相关关系,且强抗旱品种的相关性强于弱抗旱品种。因此,穗部温度可以作为抗旱高产品种选育的参考指标。该研究不仅丰富了小麦抗旱高产理论,而且创新了小麦品种生理育种方法。The wheat temperature is an important parameter to reflect the ecological and physiological state of wheat.A series of studies have been carried out on the temperature of wheat from the perspective of canopy temperature,but the relationship be-tween the temperature of wheat ear after anthesis and its yield is still unclear.In the present study,six varieties with different drought resistance were selected as the research objects.The ear temperature of these varieties at flowering stage,7,14,21,28 days after flowering and mature stage was investigated,and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield,grain number per ear,1000-grain weight,grain weight per ear,and yield of each variety were determined.The results showed that flag leaf SPAD value of strong drought resistance varieties was significantly higher than that of weak drought resistance varieties at flowering stage.The lowest value of strong drought resistant varieties was lower than that of weak drought resistant varieties,and the occurrence time of strong drought resistant varieties and medium drought-resistant varieties was delayed about a week.The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield,grain number per ear,1000-grain weight,grain weight per ear,and yield of strong drought resistance varieties were significantly higher than those of medium drought-resistant varieties and weak drought resis-tance varieties.The flag leaf SPAD value at flowering stage and ear temperature at seven days after anthesis was positively correlated with yield and yield factors,while the ear temperature after anthesis was negatively correlated with yield and yield factors,and the correlation of strong drought resistant varieties was slightly higher than that of weak drought resistant varieties.Together,the ear temperature can be used as a reference index for breeding drought resistant and high yield varieties.This study not only enriches the theory of drought resistance and high yield of wheat,but also innovates the physiological breeding method of wheat varieties

关 键 词：穗部温度 小麦 抗旱性 粒重 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]