大麦、小麦茎秆和穗部性状与抗倒性的关系  

Correlations Between Lodging Resistance and the Stem and Spike Characteristics of Barley and Wheat

作　　者：刘瑞 陈佳钰 尚心悦 许甫超[2] 徐晴[2] 彭严春 董国清[1] 董静[2] 秦丹丹[2] LIU Rui;CHEN Jia-yu;SHANG Xin-yue;XU Fu-chao;XU Qing;PENG Yan-chun;DONG Guo-qing;DONG Jing;QIN Dan-dan(Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;Institute of Food Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学,湖北武汉430023 [2]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,湖北武汉430064 [3]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2022年第3期14-21,共8页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000706、2018YFD1000700);国家自然科学基金(31771774);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05);湖北省农业科技创新项目(2016-620-000-001-009)。

摘　　要：倒伏是制约大麦和小麦生产的重要因素之一,提高大、小麦的抗倒性对实现其高产优质具有重要意义。本文以15个大麦品种(系)和3个小麦品种(系)为材料,对参试品种的茎秆特性及穗粒性状进行测量与分析研究。结果表明,所测量性状在参试材料中具有广泛的变异,其中,株高为77.2~95.2 cm,分蘖角度为7.4°~15.7°,基部第2、第3节间长度分别为5.9~10.1 cm和9.0~14.1 cm,茎粗为3.90~4.73 mm,茎壁厚度为0.43~0.94 mm,抗折力为69.01~220.43 N,茎秆木质素含量(质量分数)为17.06%~23.96%,重心高度为40.4~57.7 cm,穗数为2~5个/株,穗粒数为25~38粒/穗,穗粒质量为0.93~2.21 g/穗,千粒质量为35.91~45.41 g。相关性分析表明,茎壁厚度、抗折力、木质素含量及穗粒数与抗倒指数均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.854、0.968、0.663和0.755;重心高度及穗粒质量与抗倒指数分别呈显著和极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.558和-0.671。小麦的抗倒伏能力总体优于大麦,这与其茎秆相对较厚、木质素含量相对较高有关。Lodging is one of the restricting factors for the production of barley and wheat. It is important to enhance lodging resistance in wheat and barley in order to achieve a high yield and high grain quality. In this paper, 15 barley varieties(lines) and 3 wheat varieties(lines) were investigated regarding their stem characteristics and grain traits. The results showed that the measured traits varied considerably among the tested varieties(lines) which had the variation ranges of 77.2 ~ 95.2 cm for plant height, 7.4 °~ 15.7 ° for tillering angle, 5.9 ~ 10.1 cm and 9.0 ~ 14.1 cm for the lengths of 2nd and 3rd internodes, respectively, 3.90 ~ 4.73 mm for stem diameter, 0.43 ~ 0.94 mm for stem wall thickness, 69.01 ~ 220.43 N for stem breaking resistance, 17.06%~ 23.96% for lignin content,40.4 ~ 57.7 cm for the height of gravity center, 2 ~ 5 for panicle number per plant, 25 ~ 38 for grain number per panicle, 0.93 ~ 2.21 g for grain weight per panicle, and 35.91 ~ 45.41 g for thousand grain weight. The correlation analysis showed that stem wall thickness,breaking resistance, lignin content, and grain number per spike all had a significantly positive correlation with lodging resistance index,having the correlation coefficients of 0.854, 0.968, 0.663 and 0.755, respectively. On the other hand, the height of gravity center and grain weight per panicle had negative correlations with lodging resistance index at a significant and a very significant level,respectively, with the correlation coefficients of-0.558 and-0.671, respectively. Overall, wheat has stronger lodging resistance than barley since the former has thicker stems and a higher lignin content than the latter.

关 键 词：大麦 小麦 茎秆 穗部 抗倒性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S512.3