不同硒肥喷施时期对2种富硒土壤水稻产量、米质及硒吸收的影响  

Effects of the Timing of Spray-applying Selenium Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Grain Quality, and Selenium Absorption in Two Selenium-rich Soils

作　　者：石吕 薛亚光[1] 石晓旭 韩笑 魏亚凤[1] 杨美英[1] 刘建[1] SHI Lyu;XUE Ya-guang;SHI Xiao-xu;HAN Xiao;WEI Ya-feng;YANG Mei-ying;LIU Jian(Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City,Rugao 226541,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所/南通市循环农业重点实验室,江苏如皋226541

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2022年第3期44-53,共10页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300903-02);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31601254)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,在2种富硒土壤(沙壤土、草甸土)条件下,于水稻生长后期(始穗期、齐穗期、齐穗后1周、齐穗后2周,分别记为TI、TF、TF1、TF2)进行硒肥叶面喷施,探讨植株地上部硒含量与分配特点,并分析产量和品质变化情况。结果表明:不论是沙壤土或草甸土条件,硒肥喷施与水稻株高、穗长、枝梗数、盆穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和收获指数差异均无统计学意义,结实率、实际产量和成熟期干物质总体呈显著增加趋势(P <0.05),不同处理间强弱效应为TF1>TF2>TF>TI。草甸土水稻各器官位置硒含量普遍低于沙壤土。2种土壤类型条件下,植株硒含量均为穗>叶片>茎鞘,硒吸收敏感度均为叶片>茎鞘>穗;就穗部不同位置而言,硒含量为米糠>颖壳>精米>穗轴+枝梗,喷硒使得硒滞留在穗轴+枝梗中的比例有所增加,而精米、米糠和颖壳中硒所占比例有所降低。喷硒可同时促进茎鞘、叶片和穗部硒的富集,且随喷施时期的延长,穗部(不同位置)硒含量呈增加趋势,其中TI处理更易导致营养器官中硒的积累。2种土壤类型条件下,硒肥喷施改善了稻米加工品质和外观品质,对稻米碱消值和蛋白质含量无显著影响,胶稠度分别在TI和TF处理达最大值和最小值,直链淀粉含量因土壤类型而异,且趋势相反。不同时期硒肥喷施浓度为0或40 g/hm;时,大米硒日摄入量为156~224μg(以每天食用400 g大米计),符合日膳食硒供给适宜范围(50~250μg/d)。综合来看,TF1处理可协同产量、加工品质和外观品质的改善,TI处理有利于蒸煮食味品质的提高,TF处理促进营养品质的增加。因此,实际生产中应根据具体目标性状要求有针对性地选择合适的喷硒时期。This study assessed the effects of a foliar selenium(Se) fertilizer on rice growth and development. A pot experiment was conducted using two types of Se-rich soil(sandy loam soil,meadow soil), and a Se fertilizer was sprayed onto rice leaves at the application rate of 0.264 mg Se per pot(= 40 g Se/hm2) at the later growth stages of rice: initial heading stage, full heading stage, 1week after full heading, 2 weeks after full heading, denoted as TI,TF,TF1,TF2,respectively, using deionized water as a control. We determined Se contents and distributive patterns in aboveground parts of plants in these treatments, and also evaluated their yields and grain quality. The results showed that regardless of soil type, Se fertilizer had no significant effect on seven traits(plant height,panicle length,branch number,panicle number per pot,grain number per panicle,1 000-grain weight, and harvest index) while significantly(P < 0.05) improving seed-setting rate, actual yield, and dry matter mass at maturity, whose effectiveness varied among treatments as follows: TF1 > TF2 > TF > TI. Moreover, Se contents in rice organs were generally lower with meadow soil than with sandy loam soil.With the two soils, Se contents in different plant parts varied as follows: panicle > leaf > stem sheath, while the Se absorption sensitivity of different plant parts was ranked as follows: leaf > stem sheath >panicle. Besides, Se contents in different parts of panicles varied as follows: rice bran > rice husk >milled rice > cob + branch. The Se fertilizer application raised the proportion of Se retained in cob + branch;but reduced that in milled rice, rice bran, and rice husk. Also, the fertilizer application facilitated Se enrichment in stem sheath, leaf, and panicle;and postponed applications boosted Se enrichment in panicles(at different parts),while TI treatment favored Se accumulation in vegetative organs. Under the two soils,the Se fertilizer improved the processing quality and appearance quality of grains while not significantly affecting the

关 键 词：富硒土壤 喷硒时期 水稻 产量 品质 硒吸收 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]