河道滑坡涌浪消减简单结构物型式优化研究  

Study on the optimization of the simple structure type for river landslide surge reduction

作　　者：许凯凯 张全 黄波林[1] 李宏林 冯万里 闫国强 XU Kai-kai;ZHANG Quan;HUANG Bolin;LIHong-lin;FENG Wang-li;YAN Guo-qiang(Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430074,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学防灾减灾湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《灾害与防治工程》2021年第1期21-32,共12页Disaster and Control Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1504806,2018YFC1504803)。

摘　　要：三峡库区水位变化加剧了河道内滑坡涌浪产生的频次,为了保证人民生命财产安全,对滑坡涌浪产生的能量进行了消减分析。通过物理模型试验对板式(T字型、十字型)、栅栏式(单列型、多列型)以及多孔式(整体型、分割型)消浪结构物进行消浪效率、消浪机制以及综合性应用对比分析,得到主要结论如下:栅栏式单列型在河道应急、涌浪消减方面效果最优,按照衰减性能与能量耗散共分为四种模式(入射波浪反射、竖向挡浪板对水体运动的阻挡、浮板与水体相互摩擦和回流)。在对比试验基础上对栅栏式消浪结构物单列型进行试验参数优化、分析推导出栅栏式消能结构物最优型设计公式,并得出了在L/hw为0.65~0.75范围内时栅栏式消浪效率(β≥15%)和适用性最优。同时,在计算二维条件下最优消能效率值方法的基础上,进行三维条件消能结构物最优值的求解方法讨论并给出消能结构物在实际应用中的防治措施与建议。Changes in the water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area aggravated the frequency of landslide surges in the river.In order to ensure the safety of people's lives and property,the energy generated by landslide surges was reduced and analyzed.Through physical model tests,wave dissipation efficiency,wave dissipation mechanism and comprehensiveness of plate type(T-shaped,cross type),fence type(single-row type,multi-row type)and multi-hole type(integral type,split type)wave structures are carried out.Through comparative analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:The fence type single-row type has the best effect in river emergency and swell reduction.According to the attenuation performance and energy dissipation,it is divided into four modes(Incident wave reflection,vertical wave breaker's blocking of water body movement,floating board and water body friction and backflow).On the basis of comparative tests,the test parameters of the single-row fence type wave absorbing structure were optimized,and the optimal design formula of the fence type energy dissipating structure was deduced by analysis,and obtained the fence when the L/hw was in the range of 0.65 to 0.75.The efficiency of wave dissipation(β≥15%)and applicability is the best.At the same time,based on the method of calculating the optimal energy dissipation efficiency value under two-dimensional conditions,the solution method of the optimal value of the three-dimensional energy dissipation structure is discussed and the prevention and control measures and suggestions for the actual application of the energy dissipation structure are given.

关 键 词：三峡库区 滑坡涌浪 消浪结构物 涌浪消减 消浪效率 

分 类 号：P64[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]