一种K波段接收机的研制  

Development of a K-band Receiver

作　　者：王凯[1,2,3] 闫浩 马军[1,2,3] 陈卯蒸 曹亮[1,2,3] 宁云炜 段雪峰[1,2,3] 李健 项斌斌[1,2] Wang Kai;Yan Hao;Ma Jun;Chen Maozheng;Cao Liang;Ning Yunwei;Duan Xuefeng;Li Jian;Xiang Binbin(Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Microwave Technology, Urumqi 830011, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆天文台,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院射电天文重点实验室,江苏南京210033 [3]新疆微波技术重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2022年第4期317-325,共9页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11903073,11973078,11903077,11603064);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(2020-XBQNXZ-018);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01A99);中国科学院天文台站设备更新及重大仪器设备运行专项经费资助.

摘　　要：射电天文是通过接收和处理无线电波研究宇宙天体的一门学科,微波接收机是射电天文观测的核心接收设备。结合中国科学院新疆天文台南山25 m射电望远镜现有K波段制冷接收机及未来Q波段毫米波观测的需求,提出一种K波段常温接收机研制方法,该接收机射频工作频率22~24.2 GHz,经混频最终输出3.95~6.15 GHz的中频信号,主要用于在K波段开展强度校准方法实践及大气不透明度测量。最终采用冷热负载法测试K波段常温接收机噪声温度为402.2 K(理论计算为410.6 K),标准噪声源为166.3 K,满足设计需求。结合斩波轮校准机械结构,K波段接收机已经具备开展强度校准及大气不透明度测试功能,相关工作为南山25 m射电望远镜未来Q波段毫米波观测做技术预研。Radio astronomy is a subject of studying cosmic objects by receiving and processing radio waves.Microwave receiver is the core receiving equipment of radio astronomy observation.Considering the present K-band cryogenic receiver and future Q-band millimeter-wave observation requirements of the Nanshan 25-meter radio telescope at the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,this paper presents a design of a K-band room temperature receiver.The receiver works at 22-24.2 GHz and eventually outputs 3.95-6.15 GHz IF signal through mixing.It is mainly used for amplitude calibration method practice and atmospheric opacity measurement in K-band.Finally,the noise temperature of K-band room temperature receiver is 402.2 K(theoretical calculation is 410.6 K),and the standard noise source is 166.3 K.Combining with the mechanical structure of chopper wheel calibration,the K-band receiver has the functions of amplitude calibration and atmospheric opacity measurement,and this work can pre-research on technology for Q-band millimeter-wave observations of Nanshan 25 m radio telescope for the future.

关 键 词：接收机 射电天文 K波段 强度校准 不透明度 

分 类 号：P111.5[天文地球—天文学]