自甘风险规则下的文体活动组织者责任  

The organizers’responsibility of recreational and sports activity under the rule of assumption of risk

作　　者：焦艳玲 JIAO Yanling(School of Law,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《体育学刊》2022年第4期46-52,共7页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“平台经济模式下从业者与平台经营者法律关系问题研究”(ZGFYZDKT202109-01)。

摘　　要：《民法典》设立的自甘风险规则加重了文体活动组织者的责任。由于其他参加者被免责,活动组织者成为唯一责任人,其责任形态从补充责任前移为直接责任,追偿权亦随之消失。法院常常判决活动组织者承担全部损失或者与受害人分担全部损失,导致活动组织者实际上充当了其他参加者的替代承担主体。活动组织者是文体事业发展的中坚力量,即便不能享受自甘风险免责之红利,也不应因该规则而受到更不利影响。为此在确定活动组织者的责任时,应将其他参加者和受害人的过失占比均纳入考量,即适用“绝对比较过失”的衡量方法,如此才符合《民法典》规定的“相应补充责任”的应有内涵。Assumption of risk established by the civil code increases the responsibility of recreational and sports activities’organizers.Since other participants are exempted from liability,the event organizers become the only responsible subject,and its liability changes from supplementary liability to direct liability,the right of recourse also disappears.Event organizers were often judged to bear the total damage or share total damage with the victims,which leads to them acting as a substitute for other participants.Event organizers are the backbone of the development of recreation and sports cause.Even if they can not benefit from assumption of risk,they should not be more adversely affected by this rule.When determining event organizers’responsibility,the proportion of faults of other participants and victims should be taken into consideration.That is to say,the"overall approach of comparative negligence"should be applied appropriately,which is conformed to"the corresponding supplementary liability"stipulated by the civil code.

关 键 词：体育法 文体活动 自甘风险 活动组织者 绝对比较过失 相应补充责任 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]