我国西南某红土镍尾矿重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险  

Heavy Metals Pollution Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risk Analysis Around a Nickel Laterite Ore Tailings Pond in Southwest China

作　　者：王艳[1] 洪松[1] 张云 李䶮 叶志祥 巴图 WANG Yan;HONG Song;ZHANG Yun;LI Yan;YE Zhixiang;BA Tu(School of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Water Resources Research Institute,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省水利水电科学研究院,武汉430079

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2022年第7期186-192,共7页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1801701);湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY201814)。

摘　　要：为探究红土镍尾矿对周边环境的潜在风险,以我国西南地区某典型红土镍尾矿为研究对象,采集了尾矿库及周边环境中尾矿、土壤、地表水、底泥及植被共67个样品,分析了该尾矿库的污染特征及周边环境污染风险,为该尾矿库重金属污染治理和修复提供依据。采用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定重金属铜、镍、钴、铬等含量;通过测试尾矿库中各重金属的形态特征,分析其潜在迁移能力。运用潜在生态风险指数分析尾矿库周边土壤的生态风险水平。结果表明:与我国西北、东北地区硫化镍尾矿中重金属Cu、Ni含量较高不同,该红土镍尾矿及其周边土壤中主要重金属为Ni、Co、Cr,Cu含量较小。形态分析结果表明,总体上各元素残渣态占比高于其他形态,但在个别深度上,Co还原态占比高于残渣态,Co潜在迁移能力大于Ni和Cr。库周边土壤及河流底泥中Ni、Co和Cr超标严重,土壤综合潜在生态风险平均值达到了严重污染,表明该镍尾矿库周边土壤已经受到了Ni、Co、Cr等重金属的严重威胁。尾矿库附近植物中重金属含量分析结果表明,部分植物中Ni、Co含量超过了生态土壤筛选值中植物体内重金属含量限值。In order to explore the potential impact of laterite nickel tailings on the surrounding environment,a typical laterite nickel tailings pond in southwest China were chosen as the research object.67 samples of tailings,soil,surface water,sediment and vegetation in the tailings pond and surrounding environment were collected,and the pollution characteristics of the tailings pond and the pollution risk of the surrounding environment were analyzed,so as to provide basic support for the treatment and restoration of heavy metal pollution in the tailings pond.The concentrations of heavy metals such as copper,nickel,cobalt and chromium were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).By testing the morphological characteristics of heavy metals in the tailings pond,its potential migration ability was analyzed.The potential ecological risk indexes were used to analyze the ecological risk level of the soil around the tailings pond.The results shown that,the heavy metals Ni,Co and Cr in the surrounding soil of this nickel laterite tailings account for a high proportion,while copper concentration was low,which is different from the nickel sulfide tailings in Northwest and Northeast China,where the main heavy metals were Cu and Ni.The results of morphological analysis shown that the proportion of residual state of each element is higher than that of other forms,but in some depths the proportion of reduced state is higher than that of residual state.And the potential migration ability of Co is greater than that of Ni and Cr.Concentrations of heavy metals Ni,Co and Cr in the surrounding environmental soil and river sediment seriously exceeded the standard,and the average value of soil comprehensive potential ecological risk has reached serious pollution level,indicating that the soil around the nickel tailings pond has been seriously threatened by heavy metals such as Ni,Co and Cr.The analysis results of heavy metal content in plants near the tailings pond shown that the concentrations of Ni an

关 键 词：镍尾矿 重金属 土壤 底泥 污染风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]