渝西地区兔球虫病流行情况调查及虫种鉴定  

Survey on Infection of Rabbit Coccidiosis and the Species Identification of Coccidia in Western Chongqing

作　　者：谭纯 贾红菓 梅四鹏 王冰楠 孙雪 罗珊[1] 周荣琼[1,2] TAN Chun;JIA Hongguo;MEI Sipeng;WANG Bingnan;SUN Xue;LUO Shan;ZHOU Rongqiong(College of Veterinary Medicine,Southwest University,Chognqing 402460,China;Medical Research Institute,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物医学院,重庆402460 [2]西南大学医学研究院,重庆402460

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第5期118-124,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆自然科学基金(cstc2019jcyj-msxm2338);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(XDJK2020RC001)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握渝西地区兔球虫病的流行情况和兔球虫种类,为该地区兔球虫病的防治提供依据。【方法】采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏计数法检测渝西荣昌、永川、大足等8个区14个兔场共1273份粪样本,并收集卵囊,鉴定兔球虫种类。【结果】发现14个兔场均有感染球虫,平均感染率为90.65%,璧山和江津的感染率最高,为100%,2月龄以下兔感染率极显著高于2~4月龄、4~9月龄及9月龄以上年龄段兔,感染率为98.19%。小型养殖场兔球虫感染率极显著低于大型规模化养殖场,感染率为86.53%。8个区的克粪便虫卵数(Oocysts Per Gram,OPG)为9.65×10^(3)~6.56×10^(4),其中2~4月龄OPG最高、为6.31×10^(4)。对药物使用情况调查显示,未使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为92.31%,OPG为4.42×10^(4);使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为89.19%,OPG为2.75×10^(4)。在14个兔场共鉴定了10种艾美耳球虫,其中优势虫种为穿孔艾美耳球虫(Eimeria perforans)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)和中型艾美耳球虫(E.media),检出率分别为25.20%、23.38%、11.96%、10.02%。【结论】渝西地区普遍感染兔球虫,且多为混合感染,因此应加强该地区兔球虫病的防治。【Objective】The study was carried out to understand the infection of rabbit coccidiosis and the species of coccidia,which provided a basis for the prevention and control of rabbit coccidiosis in western Chongqing.【Method】A total of 1273 samples from 14 rabbit farms in 8 regions(including Rongchang,Yongchuan,Dazu etc.)in western Chongqing were examined by using the flotation technique with saturated salt solution and McMaster’s method,and the oocysts were collected to identify the species of coccidia【Result】There were coccidia infections in all the 14 rabbit farms,in which the mean infection rate was 90.65%,and both the highest infection rates in Bishan and Jiangjin regions were 100%.The infection rate of rabbits less than 2 months of age was significantly higher than that of rabbits at other ages including 2-4 months,4-9 months and more than 9 months,with an infection rate of 98.19%.The infection rate of rabbit coccidia in small-scale farms was significantly lower than that in large-scale farms,with an infection rate of 86.53%.The number of oocysts per gram(OPG)of the eight regions ranged from 9.65×10^(3) to 6.56×10^(4),and the highest OPG of rabbits at age of 2-4 months was 6.31×10^(4).According to a survey on the medicine use situation,the infection rate and OPG of farms without taking coccidial drugs were 92.31%and 4.42×10^(4),while the infection rate and OPG of farms taking coccidial drugs were 89.19%and was 2.75×10^(4).In total,10 species of Eimeria were identified in 14 rabbit farms and the dominant species were E.perforans,E.magna,E.coecicola and E.media with detection rates of 25.20%,23.38%,11.96%and 10.02%,respectively.【Conclusion】Coccidia infection in rabbits is common in western Chongqing,most of which are mixed infections.Therefore,the prevention and control of rabbit coccidiosis should be strengthened in this area.

关 键 词：兔球虫病 流行病学 球虫鉴定 感染率 优势虫种 

分 类 号：S855.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]