梯形断面渠道水力最佳断面函数研究  

Study on hydraulic optimal section function of trapezoidal channel

作　　者：王功 WANG Gong(Qingxu Construction Management Department of Shanxi Wanjiazhai Water Control and Water Resources Co.Ltd,Taiyuan 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]山西万家寨水控水资源有限公司清徐建管部,太原030002

出　　处：《水科学与工程技术》2022年第3期92-94,共3页Water Sciences and Engineering Technology

摘　　要：文中指出两本教材中梯形断面渠道水力最佳断面的宽深比函数关于边坡系数m的取值范围及其与梯形渠道宽深比关系没有详细深入的描述;同时,指出在边坡系数m的取值范围内,即m>0时,根据该函数求得渠道宽深比系数β<1的结论是不合适的。针对上述问题,应用高等数学导数原理,通过对梯形断面渠道水力最佳断面函数求导,证明了该函数为单调递减函数;进而,利用函数的单调性原理,用试算的方法,准确划分了边坡系数m的取值范围及其分别与渠道宽深比系数β的对应关系;结合不同地基土壤种类,进一步确切描述了梯形断面渠道水力最佳断面的适用的地质条件。最后,总结了在渠道工程实践中,当地基土质边坡系数m>0.75时,渠道断面宜采用混凝土或钢筋混凝土等结构型式的矩形或半圆形水力最佳断面;当地基土质边坡系数0<m<0.75时,渠道断面宜采用梯形水力最佳断面,并可根据渠道的防渗要求,采用不同材料的衬护。It is pointed out that the range of slope coefficient m and the relationship between slope coefficient m and width depth ratio of trapezoidal channel are not clearly described in the two textbooks;At the same time,it is pointed out that when the slope coefficient m is within the range of m>0,the ratio coefficient of channel width to depth is obtained according to this functionβ<The conclusion of 1 is not appropriate.In order to solve the above problems,the author applies the derivative principle of higher mathematics to derive the hydraulic optimal section function of trapezoidal channel,and proves that the function is a monotonic decreasing function;Furthermore,by using the monotonicity principle of function and the method of trial calculation,the range of slope coefficient m and its relationship with channel width depth ratio coefficient are accurately dividedβThe corresponding relationship between the two;Combined with different types of foundation soil,the applicable geological conditions of the optimal hydraulic section of trapezoidal channel are further described.Finally,it is concluded that in the practice of canal engineering,when the foundation soil slope coefficient m>0.75,the canal section should be rectangular or semicircular hydraulic optimal section of concrete or reinforced concrete structure;When the foundation soil slope coefficient is 0<m<0.75,the channel section should adopt the trapezoidal hydraulic optimal section,and different materials can be used for lining according to the anti-seepage requirements of the channel.

关 键 词：水力学 渠道 水力最佳断面 边坡系数 梯形 

分 类 号：TV67[水利工程—水利水电工程]