论汉语结构的前松后紧规律及同构效应  

“Being Loose at First but Tight Towards the End”:A General Rule of Chinese Mandarin Structure and Its Isomorphic Effect

作　　者：吴耀根 WU Yaogen(Xuelin Publishing House,Shanghai 200001,China)

机构地区：[1]学林出版社,上海200001

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期104-111,共8页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：现代汉语在构词、句法、语篇三个层面的结构组织上体现了前松后紧的规律。构词层面,前缀较少,后缀较多,且前缀跟词根结合的紧密程度低于后缀;句法层面,域外论元跟动词的结合松散,域内论元跟动词的结合紧密;语篇层面,位置在前的从句往往具有话题性,跟主句结合松散,位置在后的从句跟主句结合的紧密。从韵律组织和言语解读的角度来看,先出现的成分独立性强,这是为了使得言语处理更为便捷而形成的自然规律。这种规律也体现在音节内部和篇章结构上,具有同构效应。The rule of“being loose at first but tight towards the end”is ubiquitous in the organizational structure of Modern Chinese Mandarin in three aspects,namely,word⁃formation,syntax and discourse.At word⁃formation level,there are fewer prefixes and more suffixes,and prefixes attach less closely to roots than suffixes do.At the syntactic level,external arguments attach loosely to verbs,while internal arguments attach closely to verbs.At the discourse level,the clauses in the front position are often topical,loosely attached to the main clauses,while the clauses in the rear position are more closely attached to the main clauses.From the perspective of prosodic organization and speech interpretation,the first constituent is more independent,which is a natural law formed to make speech processing more convenient and faster.This law is also reflected in the syllable and text structure,manifesting isomorphic effect.

关 键 词：前松后紧 同构效应 语言机制 

分 类 号：H116.3[语言文字—汉语]