含锌·含锰·控释尿素在小麦上的氮素利用及土壤无机氮残留研究  

Effects of Zinc Containing Urea,Manganese Containing Urea and Controlled-release Urea on Nitrogen Nutrient Utilization and Soil Mineral Nitrogen Residue of Wheat

作　　者：梅沛沛[1] 谢孟河 郭军 徐丽娜[1] 王永[1] 未志源 MEI Pei-pei;XIE Meng-he;GUO Jun(School of Life Science and Technology,Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding,Xinxiang,Henan 453003;Shandong Denghai Yuyu Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan,Shandong 250100;Agricultural and Rural Service Center,Magutian Town,Miyang County,Zhumadian City,Henan Province,Zhumadian,Henan 463700)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院/河南省现代生物育种协同创新中心,河南新乡453003 [2]山东登海宇玉种业有限公司,山东济南250100 [3]河南省驻马店市泌阳县马谷田镇农业农村服务中心,河南驻马店463700

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第13期158-163,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(212102110055,202102110183);国家级大学生创新训练项目(201610467002,201610467004)。

摘　　要：了解含锌尿素、含锰尿素和控释尿素在小麦上的氮素利用及土壤无机氮残留情况,以探明新型肥料增产效果和养分利用率,为小麦生产中尿素及锌锰肥的合理施用提供依据。于2016—2018年在河南省新乡市河南科技学院东区乔榭试验田定位进行,以小麦百农207为试验材料,设无氮处理、普通尿素处理、含锌尿素处理、含锰尿素处理、控释尿素处理、普通尿素+锌处理和普通尿素+锰处理,共7个施肥处理。结果表明,控释尿素和含锰尿素分别比普通尿素增产3.56%和3.08%。在地上部生物量和氮素养分累积方面,控释尿素在生育后期表现出明显的增长优势;而含锰尿素则是在小麦拔节期以前,有利于小麦植株生长及氮素养分累积;尿素中加锌后则在孕穗期表现出明显促进小麦植株生长。控释尿素的氮肥利用率最高,其次是含锰尿素,二者氮肥利用率分别比普通尿素处理增长22.16%和13.67%。相对于添加锌或锰的其他4种施肥处理,收获期控释尿素能很好地保存土壤无机氮,使其在表层积聚,在40 cm以下土层残留较少;且各土层速效养分均较高。因此,控释尿素处理优势明显,其在小麦植株生产力、氮素养分利用及土壤无机氮残留等方面均表现突出。该研究为控释尿素及锌锰肥料在小麦高效优质生产上的推广应用提供理论支持。In order to better understand the effects of several new fertilizers,zinc containing urea,manganese containing urea and controlled-release urea,on wheat yield,nutrient utilization and mineral nitrogen residue,and to provide basis for the rational application of fertilizer and the zinc,manganese and promotion of the fertilizer,the field experiment was carried out in East Pavilion Joe village,Henan Institute of Science and Technology from 2016 to 2018.Seven treatments were designed with wheat as test material:no nitrogen(CK),conventional urea,zinc containing urea,manganese containing urea,controlled-release urea,conventional urea+zinc and conventional urea+manganese.The main results showed that,the new controlled-release urea and manganese containing urea in the test showed high grain yield,which was increased by 3.56%and 3.08%,on average,compared with the conventional urea.Especially the controlled-release urea showed great advantage in the accumulation of aboveground biomass and nitrogen nutrient in late growth period.In addition,the overall apparent recovery of fertilizer N(NRE)of wheat with the controlled-release urea was the highest,and then the manganese containing urea,the two was 22.16%and 13.67%higher than the conventional urea.Applied with the controlled-release urea,the mineral nutrient was accumulated more in the upper layer of soil profile,and there was less residue in the subsoil under 40 cm soil depth,in addition the available nutrients in all soil layers were higher at harvest time,compared with the other four fertilization treatments added with Zn or Mn.Therefore,the controlled-release urea showed great advantage in grain yield,above-ground biomass,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency and mineral nitrogen residue.It is beneficial to the application of the controlled-release urea in high-yield and good quality wheat production.

关 键 词：小麦 控释尿素 产量 氮肥利用率 无机氮残留 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]