清耕对赤红壤果园坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响  

Effects of Cleaning Tillage on Soil Erosion Characteristics of Lateritic Red Soil on Slope in Orchard

作　　者：王坚桦 邱凡 谢福倩 韦石 梁志鑫 李桂芳 WANG Jianhua;QIU Fan;XIE Fuqian;WEI Shi;LIANG Zhixin;LI Guifang(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation,Nanning 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区水土保持监测站,南宁530023

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第3期12-17,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967010);广西自然科学资助项目(2018GXNSFBA138024);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD17195060)。

摘　　要：为探究降雨和管理措施对南方赤红壤果园坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响,基于野外原位径流小区观测试验,探讨清耕和刈割处理下赤红壤果园坡面土壤侵蚀特征。结果表明:2018年研究区降雨主要集中在5—9月,2019年主要集中在3—8月,2018—2019年研究区80%以上降雨是侵蚀性降雨。2018年、2019年果园坡面年径流量和侵蚀量及次降雨下坡面径流量、侵蚀量均表现为清耕处理>刈割处理,且与径流量相比,二者的侵蚀量差异更为明显。次降雨下,2018年不同处理下果园坡面径流泥沙量在3—4月变化平稳且差异小,5—9月出现了不同程度的波动,且与刈割处理相比,清耕处理波动幅度更大;2019年不同处理下坡面径流量在2—3月,7—9月波动较大,4—7月变化平缓,但侵蚀量在年内整体波动较大。与清耕处理相比,刈割处理可以减少暴雨和大暴雨降雨等级下果园坡面径流量;同时刈割处理下中雨、大雨和暴雨降雨等级下果园坡面侵蚀量显著降低,且暴雨降雨等级下的降低作用尤为明显。刈割和清耕处理下坡面径流量与降雨历时呈显著相关关系,与降雨量呈极显著相关关系。研究结果可为南方红壤丘陵区果园坡面水土流失的防治提供理论依据和参考。In order to explore the influence of rainfall and treatment measures on the soil erosion characteristics on slope of the orchard in southern red soil,based on the field observation experiment of in-situ runoff plot,the soil erosion characteristics on slope of the orchard under cleaning tillage and cutting treatment were discussed.The results show that the rainfall in the study area mainly concentrated from May to September in 2018,and mainly concentrated from March to August in 2019;furthermore,more than 80%of the rainfall in the study area during that period was erosive rainfall;annual runoff,sediment yield on slope of orchard in 2018 and 2019 were more than those in cutting plots,and the difference of sediment yield between these two treatments was more obvious.The data measured after each rainfall indicated that the amount of runoff and sediment yield on slope of orchard changed slightly from March to April,but fluctuated from May to September,and the fluctuation ranges of sediment yield under cleaning tillage treatment were even greater in 2018;runoff fluctuated greatly from February to March and July to September,while the variation was flat from April to July,besides,the sediment yields were low and stable from September to October,and demonstrated significant fluctuation the other periods in 2019.Compared with the cleaning tillage treatment,cutting treatment could reduce sediment yield on slope of orchard under heavy rainstorm and large heavy rainstorm.The sediment yields under moderate rain,heavy rain and heavy rainstorm under cutting treatment were significantly reduced,and the reduction effect was obvious under heavy rain.Under the cutting treatment and cleaning tillage,the slope runoff was significantly correlated to the rainfall duration and more significantly correlated to the rainfall amount.The result of this study can provide the theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and control of soil erosion on slope of orchard in red soil hilly area of south China.

关 键 词：果园 清耕 自然降雨 土壤侵蚀 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]