石油烃污染对土壤持水特征及水分有效性的影响  

Influence of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution on Soil Water Holding Characteristics and Soil Water Availability

作　　者：杨华 石辉[1] 李卓 胡凡 YANG Hua;SHI Hui;LI Zhuo;HU Fan(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Ecological,Environment,ministry of Education,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西北水资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,西安710055

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2022年第3期142-146,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄土丘陵区不同植被下土壤润湿性特征及其与团聚体稳定性的关系”(41771309)。

摘　　要：石油烃污染土壤已经成为我国一个严重的环境问题,污染后的土壤理化性质发生改变,直接影响土壤的持水特性及水分有效性,确定石油烃污染对土壤持水特征和水分有效性的影响及其程度可为揭示石油烃污染对土壤性质的影响提供新的科学认识。通过人工配置柴油和原油不同污染浓度污染的黄绵土,利用离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线,分析了土壤的持水特征与水分有效性。结果表明:(1)不同浓度柴油与原油污染土壤后,水分特征曲线均位于未污染土壤的下部,其中原油污染的影响更甚。(2)水分特征曲线van Genuchten模型参数θ_(s)、θ_(r)随着污染浓度的增加呈现指数衰减,参数α值呈幂函数减小、n值出现随污染浓度对数增加的特点。(3)土壤的饱和含水量、田间持水量以及凋萎含水量均随柴油、原油污染浓度的增加出现下降趋势,表观土壤有效含水量随污染浓度表现出先降后升的U字形的变化模式。无论原油还是柴油污染土壤,均会影响土壤的持水特征和水分有效性,影响的大小与石油烃的类型和浓度密切相关。Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil has become a serious environmental problem in China.The physical and chemical properties of the polluted soil have changed due to the pollution,which directly affects the water retention characteristics and water availability of the soil.Determining the effects of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution on soil water retention characteristics and water availability and its degree can provide a new scientific understanding for revealing the effects of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution on soil properties.We made up the contaminated soil by different pollution concentrations of diesel and crude oil,and measured these soil moisture characteristic curve by the centrifuge method.The soil water-holding characteristics and soil water availability were explored.The results show that:(1)after the soil was polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons with different concentrations of diesel oil and crude oil,the water characteristic curves were all in the lower part of the unpolluted soil,and the influence of crude oil pollution was even more significant;(2)the parametersθ_(s) andθ_(r) of the Van Genuchten model of water characteristic curve decreased exponentially with the increase of pollution concentration;theαvalue decreased as a power function,while the n value increased with the logarithm of the pollution concentration;(3)soil saturated water content,field water capacity and wilting water content all showed a decreasing trend with the increase of pollution concentration;the soil available water content of diesel oil and crude oil showed a U-shaped change pattern of decreasing first and then rising with the increse of pollution concentration.Whether the soil is polluted by crude oil or refined diesel,it will affect the soil water holding characteristics and water availability,and the magnitude of the impact is closely related to the type and concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons.

关 键 词：持水特征 表观水分有效性 水分特征曲线 柴油 原油 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]