独尊儒术的历史进程  

On the Historical Formation of the Western Han Policy of Exclusively Promoting Confucian Teaching

作　　者：徐建委[1] XU Jianwei(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2022年第3期176-187,共12页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国人民大学比较文明跨学科重大创新平台、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助成果。

摘　　要：西汉武帝以前时代,儒术的含义相对驳杂,一般是指与国家治理有关的仪式和制度。这种广义儒术的知识资源主要是六艺类文献。以六艺知识和文献为基础文饰政治,重建社会伦理、培养各级官吏、塑造王朝礼仪与形象,进而建构统一的意识形态和文化信仰,是汉王朝面对当时社会政治诸难题的自然选择。至迟自汉文帝时期,广义上的儒术就已经开始受到王朝政治的青睐,武帝时代独尊儒术的历史转折,在一定意义上也是文景时期政治选择的自然延续。在中长时段的政治史视野中,独尊儒术是一个渐进的过程,它与汉王朝大一统的进程大体是同步的。尊崇儒术其实是西汉王朝所实施的稳固统治根基的主要治策之一,并非仅仅因为帝王的个人兴趣或儒生的思想影响而出现的政治事件。Confucianism as a term before Emperor Wu of the Western Han generally referred to rituals and institutions based on the learning of the Confucian Six Arts.The learning of Six Arts thus served as the basis for building Western Han political paraphernalia and social ethics, training officials at all levels, making rites, shaping the image of the imperial court, and constructing a unified ideology and cultural belief in their contemporary sociopolitical context.Confucian teaching had been favored in Western Han politics since Emperor Wen, and this trend had continued throughout the reigns of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing.The formation of the Western Han policy of exclusively promoting Confucian teaching accompanied with the making and growing of the Western Han governing philosophy.It was a gradual process rather than the result of a single political event associated with Emperor Wu’s personal interest or Confucian scholars’ strong promotion of Confucian teaching.

关 键 词：独尊儒术 行政实践 董仲舒 西汉学术 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学] B234[历史地理—中国史]