黄山上张村以社区为基础的自然资源管理(CBNRM)模式与方法  

Mode and Approach of Community-Based Natural Resource Management(CBNRM)in Shangzhang Village,Mount Huangshan

作　　者：李婧 韩锋[1] LI Jing;HAN Feng(College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2022年第7期86-91,共6页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心项目(编号WHST-0014);国家重点研发计划(编号2016YFC0503308)。

摘　　要：黄山汤口镇上张村是一个典型的以社区为基础的自然资源管理(CBNRM)案例。以上张村为例,剖析CBNRM模式在中国实施的可行性、挑战与实施路径。1)基于文献构建CBNRM概念模型;2)通过档案、问卷和访谈资料,梳理上张村的自然资源管理经验,分析上张村当前在个体发展和资源保护方面存在的困境;3)根据建构的CBNRM概念模型提出上张村自主管理的促进策略,并通过在地实践验证其有效性。进而,提出CBNRM模式下的中国保护地社区管理的3种方法:管理机制优化、社区能力建设、可持续生计引导。研究结果证明了3种方法对社区发展与自然保护的协调有促进作用,为克服中国保护地社区管理的制度、意识、资金困难提供了借鉴与启示;体现了CBNRM与中国生态文明和乡村振兴战略的契合性,为协调自然保护与社区繁荣贡献中国智慧。Shangzhang Village in Tangkou Town,Mount Huangshan is a typical case of community-based natural resource management(CBNRM).Taking Shangzhang Village as an example,this research analyzes the feasibility,challenges and implementation path of CBNRM mode in China.Specifically,this research 1)constructs a conceptual model of CBNRM based on literature study;2)examines the natural resource management experience of Shangzhang Village,and analyzes the challenges the village currently faces in individual development and resource protection based on relevant archives,questionnaires and interview materials;3)proposes a strategy for promoting Shangzhang Village to achieve self-management following the conceptual model constructed,and verifies the effectiveness of the strategy through on-site practice.Additionally,this research puts forward three approaches to community management in China’s protected areas under the CBNRM mode:management mechanism optimization,community capacity building,and sustainable livelihoods guidance.It is demonstrated that the three approaches can promote the coordination of community development and nature conservation,and provide references and insights for overcoming institutional,perceptual and financial barriers to community management in China’s protected areas.This research proves that CBNRM is compatible with China’s ecological civilization and rural revitalization strategies,and thus contributes Chinese wisdom to the coordination of nature conservation and community prosperity.

关 键 词：风景园林 以社区为基础的自然资源管理(CBNRM) 社区介入 社区参与 社区共管 黄山 翡翠新村 翡翠谷 

分 类 号：TU985.13[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]