面向E级计算的功耗管理技术  

Power Management Technology for Exascale Computing

作　　者：高剑刚 龚道永 吴伟 郑岩 朱琪 王飞 郑方 金利峰 GAO Jian-Gang;GONG Dao-Yong;WU Wei;ZHENG Yan;ZHU Qi;WANG Fei;ZHENG Fang;JIN Li-Feng(National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]国家并行计算机工程技术研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《计算机学报》2022年第7期1373-1383,共11页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0200500)资助。

摘　　要：E级计算机的构建面临严峻的“功耗墙”问题.为了应对功耗挑战,本文面向神威E级系统提出了一套低功耗管理体系.该体系采用软硬件协同的多层次低功耗管理机制,主要技术包括高能效基础设施设计、低功耗编译优化和细粒度功耗运行时管理,在系统功耗量化监测技术支撑下实现软硬件协同能耗控制集成,具有功能层次多、覆盖面广、节能效果明显的特点.本文基于神威E级原型超级计算机进行了系统验证,实验结果证明本文提出的低功耗管理体系能够显著降低系统功耗,并且可扩展性良好,在大规模系统中具有广泛的适应性,能够支撑E级计算机绿色运行.As it is known to all,Power Wall is one of the biggest challenges that people have to face when they are building an Exascale computer system.Thousands of works have been done to reduce the power or energy consumption on all hierarchies of the computer system.However,the existing studies only focus on the traditional architecture.In the Exascale era,as the scale and complexity of systems increase,the practicability is not guaranteed.In order to overcome the aforementioned challenge,we propose a low power management system for the Sunway Exascale system.The low power management system has a several of innovative technologies,including the high energy-efficient infrastructure design,the low-power compilation optimization and the fine-grained power consumption runtime management technology.First,the high energy-efficient infrastructure design focuses on the power supply and cooling subsystem to achieve the high efficient power conversion by monitoring the power level of the whole system.Second,the low-power compilation optimization is proposed to reorder the instruction sequence elegantly which is based on the innovation design of the underlying architecture.Specifically,the memory addresses of the instructions are reassigned to reduce the data movement in the high speed LDM(Local Device Memory).The instructions are also scheduled to meet the constraints of the register bypassing requirements,and the loop structure is reshaped to let the instructions of the loop stay in the L0 cache as long as possible.We utilize this low-power compilation optimization by reducing some redundant operations in the processors in order to improve the power efficiency.Third,based on the Dark Silicon technology,the fine-grained power consumption runtime management consists of multilevel low power scheduling in the computer system.In the node level,with the help of the operating system,an automatic quick switch of the power supply for each node is introduced according to the status of the node.In the job level,the frequency adjustment and

关 键 词：E级计算机 异构众核处理器 功耗管理 编译优化 运行时优化 

分 类 号：TP302[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]