2020年宁夏寒潮天气的强降温分析  

Analysis of Sudden Temperature Drop in Cold Wave Weather in Ningxia in 2020

作　　者：苏洋 杨银 丁永红 SU Yang;YANG Yin;DING Yonghong(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏回族自治区气象台,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏工程技术》2022年第2期105-110,共6页Ningxia Engineering Technology

摘　　要：利用常规天气观测资料和ERA5逐时0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,应用天气学原理和天气动力学诊断分析方法,对2020年2月13—15日宁夏寒潮天气过程的天气形势和强降温特征进行分析。结果表明,此次过程是典型的低西风指数型,环流经向度大。新地岛以东洋面的冷空气由脊前西北气流引导南下,首先在西西伯利亚堆积,然后沿西北偏北路径分裂南下,影响宁夏。中亚脊与乌拉尔山脊同位相叠加后不断向东北方向加强发展,在寒潮关键区东部形成阻塞高压,高压脊前偏北气流显著增强,引导冷空气向宁夏寒潮关键区堆积。促使寒潮暴发的大气环流为横槽转竖。寒潮前回暖特征显著,强盛的冷平流是造成持续性降温的主要原因。ECMWF对这次寒潮过程的环流形势给出了较准确的预报,但是对冷空气的强度预报存在一定偏差。The synoptic situation and sudden temperature drop characteristics of the cold wave weather during February 13 to 15 in 2020 in Ningxia was analyzed under the guidance of synoptic meteorology and dynamic meteorology,based on the conventional observation data and ERA50.25°×0.25°reanalysis data.The results show that the weather process is a typical low westerly wind index type with large circulation meridional direction.Cold air from the ocean east of Novaya Zemlya is guided southward by the northwest airflow in front of the ridge,firstly accumulating in West Siberia,and then splitting southward along the northwest northerly path to affect Ningxia.The central Asian ridge superimposed with the Ural ridge gradually developed towards the northeast,the blocking high formed in the eastern part of the cold wave key area,and the northward airflow in front of the high-pressure ridge significantly enhanced to guide the cold air to pile up in the critical area of cold wave in Ningxia,which prompted the atmospheric circulation of the cold wave outbreak to turn vertical in a horizontal trough.The warming before the cold wave was remarkable,and the main reason for the continuous air temperature drop was the intense cold advection.ECMWF model has good performance for forecasting the circulation situation of this cold wave process,but there is some deviation in the forecast of the intensity of it.

关 键 词：寒潮 环流形势 冷平流 强降温特征 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]