果树多倍化育种研究进展  

Research progress on polyploidy breeding of fruit trees

作　　者：王利虎 卢彦琦 苏行 张琼[2] 赵志军 陈敬谊 丁保朋 Wang Lihu;Lu Yanqi;Su Hang;Zhang Qiong;Zhao Zhijun;Chen Jingyi;Ding Baopeng(School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan Hebei 056038,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,China;College of forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801,China;College of horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [3]山西农业大学林学院,山西晋中030801 [4]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期14-24,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(C2022402021);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2020205);邯郸市科技技术研究与发展计划项目(19422011008-49);河北工程大学博士启动资金(SJ2101003172);山西省博士后科研经费项目(K4621029072021);国家自然科学基金(3210181025)。

摘　　要：多倍体在生物界广泛存在,常见于高等植物中,亦是植物多倍化研究的热点。多倍化是新物种形成的驱动力之一,在物种进化、环境适应中发挥重要作用;同时,其在克服远缘杂交种不育性,创制不亲和材料中间亲本及加速培育新种质中存在诸多潜在应用价值。多倍体植株在茎粗、叶大、花大、果实大等生物学特性中表现一定优势,鉴于多倍化育种技术可在短时间内创制新种质材料,其在果树育种中发挥重要作用,笔者从以下几个方面进行综述:多倍体的进化及应用上的意义;多倍体产生途径,包括果树自然和人工诱变果树多倍体;多倍体鉴定方法,包括形态学鉴定、染色体计数鉴定、流式细胞术法鉴定及分子标记技术鉴定;多倍体对果树的影响,包括多倍化对果树表型、抗逆性、育性及组学水平的影响,同时探讨果树倍性研究中普遍存在的嵌合体现象和诱变剂的毒害问题,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为果树的多倍化育种研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。Polyploidy exists widely in the biological world,common in higher plants,and is also one of the hot topics of plant polyploidy research.Polyploidy is one of the driving forces for the formation of new species and plays an important role in species evolution and environmental adaptation.At the same time,it has many potential application values in overcoming the sterility of distant hybrids,creating intermediate parents of incompatible materials and accelerating the cultivation of new germ‐plasm.Polyploid plants have certain advantages in biological characteristics including stem diameter,large leaves,large flowers and large fruits.Since polyploid breeding technology can create new germplasm materials in a short time,it plays an important role in fruit tree breeding.The authors summarized the relevant researches from the following aspects:the significance of diploid evolution and application;polyploid production pathway,including natural and artificial mutation of fruit tree polyploid;polyploid identification methods,including chromosome counting,morphological identification,flow cytometry and molecular marker method of identification;the influence of polyploidy on fruit trees,including the influenced of polyploidy on fruit tree phenotype,stress resistance,fertility and omics level.Meanwhile,the problems existing in the study of fruit tree ploidy,including the widespread chimerism phenomenon and the toxicity of mutagens,are discussed,and the future research is expected to provide some reference for the study of polyploidy breeding of fruit trees.

关 键 词：多倍体 果树 倍性鉴定 表型 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]