水培条件下供氮水平对不同棉花品种氮吸收分配与氮效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Supply Level on Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution and Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Cotton Varieties under Hydroponic Condition

作　　者：梁悦 齐芙蓉 宋海英 陈波浪[1,3] 刘美娟 唐雪霞 侯天钰 LIANG Yue;QI Furong;SONG Haiying;CHEN Bolang;LIU Meijuan;TANG Xuexia;HOU Tianyu(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;The 42nd Regiment School of the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumshuk Xinjiang 844405, China;Xinjiang Huier Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第三师四十二团学校,新疆图木舒克844405 [3]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第6期1392-1400,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-3);国家自然科学基金(31960629);博士后课题。

摘　　要：【目的】分析棉花生育前期氮素吸收分配与氮效率将有助于棉花生产中氮肥基施和追施的分配以及氮肥利用率的提高。【方法】以新陆早45号和新陆早48号为材料,采用营养液培养的方法,设置6个供氮水平(0、7.5、10、15、17.5、30 mmol/L,分别以N_(0)、N_(7.5)、N_(10)、N_(15)、N_(17.5)、N_(30)表示),培育43 d后将其收获。测定棉花各器官干物质量、氮素积累量、氮吸收效率、氮利用效率以及磷素和钾素积累量等指标。【结果】棉花幼苗各干物质量、单株氮含量、地上部分氮含量、氮积累量、氮吸收效率以及磷素和钾素积累量均随氮浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势;根冠比和氮利用效率均随氮浓度的增加而降低。氮水平在17.5 mmol/L时显著增加了根和地上部干物质量,但降低了棉花根冠比。17.5 mmol/L的氮水平显著提高了棉花地上部分氮含量、单株氮含量、积累量和吸收效率以及磷和钾积累量,但降低了氮的利用效率。新陆早48号各测定指标显著高于新陆早45号。【结论】营养液中有助于棉苗各生长指标增长的氮素浓度为17.5 mmol/L。适合机采的Ⅰ式果枝新陆早48号较不适合机采的Ⅱ式果枝新陆早45号长势更强。【Objective】To explore the nitrogen absorption and distribution and nitrogen efficiency in the early growth period of cotton which might be helpful to the distribution of basic and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and the improvement of nitrogen utilization rate in cotton production.【Methods】Xinluzao 45 and Xinluzao 48 were used as materials and cultured in nutrient solution,treatments consisted of six N levels in nutrient solution(0,7.5,10,15,17.5 and 30 mmol/L,represented by N_(0)、N_(7.5)、N_(10)、N_(15)、N_(17.5)and N_(30)respectively),plants were harvested after 43 days of growth in nutrient solution.After that,the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen concentration,accumulation and absorption efficiency,nitrogen use efficiency and phosphorus and potassium accumulation of cotton organs were measured.【Results】The dry matter accumulation,whole plant nitrogen concentration,accumulation,shoot nitrogen concentration nitrogen absorption efficiency,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of cotton seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration;the root shoot ratio and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration.Nitrogen level at 17.5 mmol/L significantly increased the dry matter mass of roots and shoots,but the root shoot ratio of cotton was reduced.17.5 mmol/L of nitrogen significantly increased the nitrogen concentration,accumulation and absorption efficiency of cotton,as well as the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium,but decreased the utilization efficiency of nitrogen.The indexes of Xinluzao 48 were significantly higher than that of Xinluzao 45.【Conclusion】The nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution which is most helpful for the growth of cotton seedling is 17.5 mmol/L.Xinluzao 48 of typeⅠfruit branch grows stronger than Xinluzao 45 of typeⅡfruit branch.

关 键 词：棉花 氮素浓度 氮积累量 氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]