天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析  

Study on Community Dynamics of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.Meadow in the Middle of the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：张鲜花[1] 李江艳 吴咏梅[1] 朱进忠[1] ZHANG Xianhua;LI Jiangyan;WU Yongmei;ZHU Jinzhong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes /College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第6期1522-1529,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划(XJEDU2021I013)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析。【方法】采用连续定位测定方法,分析1985~2004年间群落的植物种类组成、数量特征。【结果】在近20年的时间段内,草地群落的种类组成和以紫花鸢尾为优势种,草原老鹳草(Geranium pratense)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和异燕麦(Helictrichon)为伴生种的群落格局没有发生变化。群落各项数量特征高度、盖度与地上生物量始终处于波动状态,有些年际间会出现显著差别,波幅最大与最小可相差2倍以上,但群落的这种消长变化均具有可逆性。群落优势种紫花鸢尾的盖度、地上生物量随着时间推移持续增长,草地朝着退化方向发展。【结论】引起草地的波动气候是主因,紫花鸢尾数量逐年增加牧压是重要影响因素。【Objective】Study on Community Dynamics of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.Meadow in the Middle of the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains.【Method】The plant species composition and quantitative characteristics of the community under grazing conditions were analyzed from 1985 to 2004 by a continuous positioning method.【Result】The results showed that the community pattern of the species composition had not changed,Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.always occupied the position of the dominant species,Geranium pretense,Poa pratensis and Helictrichon were always associated species in the past 20 years.The height,coverage and aboveground biomass of community were still some fluctuation state.and sometimes there would be some significant differences between inter-annual,it could be more than 2 times between the maximum and minimum amplitude,but the growth and decline of the community were all reversible.The coverage and the aboveground biomass of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl in the community increased with the time growth,so the grassland was degraded from the perspective of grassland utilization.【Conclusion】The dominance of Iris purpurea in the study area is gradually increasing,and the grassland is developing in a degraded direction.The main cause of community fluctuation is climatic factors.

关 键 词：紫花鸢尾草甸 群落特征 动态变化 草地利用 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]