气候变化诱导水体富营养化研究进展  

Research progress of water eutrophication induced by climate change

作　　者：王锦旗[1] 宋玉芝[1] 薛艳[2] WANG Jinqi;SONG Yuzhi;XUE Yan(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《水资源保护》2022年第4期145-155,共11页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42077303)。

摘　　要：对大气CO_(2)浓度升高及气候变化诱发水体富营养化的驱动机制进行了综述。CO_(2)浓度升高促进浮游植物大量增殖;水温升高引起水体分层现象加剧,底层缺氧更加严重,沉积物营养盐释放加剧,促进浮游藻类的生长;降水变率、强降水发生的概率增加,会加剧土壤中氮的流失,导致水体营养盐浓度增加;太阳辐射减弱会导致水下光照减少,加速沉水植物的衰亡,促进浮游植物的生长,进一步恶化水下光照环境;风速降低会延长水体分层时间,提高水体稳定性,造成底层缺氧,加大沉积物营养盐的释放;台风等热带气旋引发的强风浪会促进水体中氮、磷等营养盐释放,有利于蓝藻细胞团增大,获得更大的浮力,带来的暴雨还会将周围营养盐携带入水体,促进藻类生长。以上这些气候变化主要特征还会相互作用,加大水体富营养化的发生风险,继而对整个水生生态系统产生一系列间接影响。指出了未来研究的重点:气候变化对水生生态系统的影响;气候变化主要特征之间系统相互作用的机理;内外源污染与气候变化对水体富营养化的贡献率;水生生态系统应对气候变化的对策等。The driving mechanisms of atmospheric CO_(2)concentration rise and climate change induced water eutrophication were reviewed.The increase of CO_(2)concentration can promote the proliferation of phytoplankton.The increase of water temperature will aggravate the stratification of water body,make the bottom hypoxia more serious,intensify the release of sediment nutrients,and promote the growth of planktonic algae.The change of water ice age will be conducive to the change of algae population and structure.The increase of precipitation variability and the probability of heavy precipitation will aggravate the loss of nitrogen in soil and lead to the increase of nutrient concentration in water.The solar radiation weakening will lead to the reduction of underwater light,accelerate the decline and death of submerged plants,promote the growth of phytoplankton and further deteriorate the underwater light environment.The reduction of wind speed can prolong the stratification time of water body,improve the stability of water body,cause hypoxia at the bottom and increase the release of sediment nutrients.Strong winds and waves caused by tropical cyclones such as typhoons can promote the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body,which is conducive to the increase of cyanobacteria cell clusters and greater buoyancy.The rainstorm will also bring the surrounding nutrients into the water body and promote the growth of algae.The above main characteristics of climate change will also interact to increase the risk of water eutrophication,and then have a series of indirect effects on the whole aquatic ecosystem.The key points of future research are pointed out,which include the impact of climate change on aquatic ecosystem,the interaction mechanism between the main characteristics of climate change and aquatic ecosystem,contribution rate of internal and external source pollution and climate change to water eutrophication,countermeasures of aquatic ecosystem to deal with climate change,etc.

关 键 词：气候变化 CO_(2)浓度 水温升高 太阳辐射 降水变率 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]