施肥对滇中地区4种主要易燃树种叶燃烧性的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Needles Flammability of 4 Main Flammable Tree Species in Central Yunnan

作　　者：李国辉 张桥蓉[1] 马瑞杰 陈宏刚 白磊 罗静[1,4] 李世友[1,4] LI Guohui;ZHANG Qiaorong;MA Ruijie;CHEN Honggang;BAI Lei;LUO Jing;LI Shiyou(Fire Research Institute,School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Jiangchuan District,Yuxi City,Yuxi 652600,China;Southern General Station of Aerial Forest Protection Ministry of Emergency Management,Kunming 650021,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学消防研究所土木工程学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省玉溪市江川区林业和草原局,云南玉溪652600 [3]应急管理部南方航空护林总站,昆明650021 [4]云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《森林工程》2022年第4期18-25,共8页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(31260180)。

摘　　要：为探究施肥对针叶树种燃烧性的影响,2013—2018年,在昆明市盘龙区云南省森林自然中心圆宝山林区对云南松、华山松、地盘松和藏柏进行施肥试验。按照就近原则,每树种各选择40株,分别施用磷肥、氮肥、钾肥和复合肥各10株,各树种另选取10株未施肥木作为对照,2017和2018年12月取样测定施肥和未施肥木针叶的粗脂肪、灰分含量和热值。采用主成分分析法确定评价指标权重,并通过计算针叶的燃烧性综合指数确定其燃烧性。与对照组相比,4种针叶粗脂肪、灰分含量和热值施磷肥后平均增幅分别为17.05%、1.27%和3.55%,施氮肥后平均增幅分别为8.29%、-11.63%和2.85%,施钾肥后平均增幅分别为11.09%、-4.32%和1.94%,施复合肥后平均增幅分别为18.19%、-3.35%和1.63%。除施钾肥的华山松叶外,其余试验组的燃烧性综合指数均高于对照组,施磷肥、氮肥、钾肥、复合肥以及对照组样品平均燃烧性综合指数分别为0.591、0.577、0.570、0.578和0.498。施肥后针叶的粗脂肪含量和热值总体呈增加趋势,施氮肥和复合肥时针叶灰分含量总体呈下降趋势,施磷肥和钾肥时针叶灰分含量无明显变化趋势。综合分析表明,①4种化肥施用均可增加云南松、地盘松、藏柏3种树种叶的燃烧性,钾肥施用降低华山松叶的燃烧性,其他3种化肥施用提升华山松叶的燃烧性;②从4种肥料对叶燃烧性的影响效果看,地盘松2017、2018年由大到小规律为:钾肥、磷肥、氮肥、复合肥,但对其他3种树种2017年和2018年影响结果呈现不同规律;③施肥对4种针叶燃烧性综合影响程度由大到小依次为:磷肥、复合肥、氮肥、钾肥。In order to explore the influence of fertilization on the combustibility of coniferous species,fertilization experiments were carried out on 4 major coniferous tree species-Pinus yunnanensis,P.armandi,P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea,and Cupressus torulosa-in the Yuanbaoshan forest area of Yunnan Forest Nature Center,Panlong District,Kunming City from 2013 to 2018.According to the principle of proximity,40 plants were selected for each tree species,and 10 plants were applied with phosphate fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer respectively.Another 10 unfertilized plants for each tree species were selected as control group.In December of 2017 and 2018,samples were taken to text the crude fat content,ash content and calorific value of the 4 coniferous species both fertilized and unfertilized.The principal component analysis method was used to determine the weight of the evaluation index,and the combustibility of needles was determined by calculating the comprehensive index of combustibility.Compared with the control group,the average increase rates of the crude fat content,ash content,and calorific value of the 4 kinds of needles after phosphate fertilizer application were 17.05%,1.27%,and 3.55%respectively.The average increase rates of the 3 indicators after nitrogen fertilizer application were 8.29%,-11.63%,and 2.85%respectively.The average increase of the 3 indicators after potassium fertilizer application were 11.09%,-4.32%,and 1.94%respectively.The average increase of the 3 indicators after applying compound fertilizer were 18.19%,-3.35%,and 1.63%respectively.Except for P.armandii needles treated with potassium fertilizer,the comprehensive flammability index of other experimental groups was higher than control group,and the average combustibility composite index of phosphate fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer and control group was 0.591,0.577,0.570,0.578 and 0.498 respectively.After fertilization,the crude fat content and calorific value of the

关 键 词：燃烧性 施肥 针叶树种 理化性质 滇中地区 

分 类 号：S762.3[农业科学—森林保护学]