减毒流感疫苗研究进展  

Progress of live-attenuated influenza vaccine study

作　　者：林晶英 颜子乙 颜灵逸 李明远 崔亚利(指导)[1] LIN Jingying;YAN Ziyi;YAN Lingyi;LI Mingyuan;CUI Yali(Department of Laboratory Medicine,West China Second University Hospital,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Maternal and Child Diseases and Birth Defects,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西第二医院检验科出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《中国免疫学杂志》2022年第7期888-893,共6页Chinese Journal of Immunology

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2017SZ0122);四川省卫健委研究项目(19PJ227);四川大学华西第二医院临床研究项目(KL044)资助。

摘　　要：目前流感疫苗研制已取得明显进步,但流感病毒仍然对全球公共卫生构成巨大威胁。传统的灭活流感疫苗(IIV)或减毒活流感疫苗(LAIV)接种是控制季节性流感的主要策略,但它不能对具有大流行潜力的新型流感病毒提供保护。且季节性流感病毒持续性抗原漂移,导致抗原不匹配,严重影响疫苗效力。因此,快速优化季节性流感疫苗生产和开发新的大流行流感疫苗,仍然是预防流感的重要任务。最近有报道质疑目前LAIV的有效性,因为它主要是针对疫苗中的甲型流感病毒(IAV),保护范围有限。因此,需要研究人员开发新型LAIV,以克服LAIV的局限性。基于质粒的反向遗传学的发现和应用是快速产生重配减毒流感病毒的关键技术,可用于开发新型、有效的LAIV。本文将对新型LAI的安全性、免疫原性和保护性进行阐述,并汇总有关LAIV研究方面的新进展,以启发流感疫苗研究新思路。Although significant progress has been made in development of influenza vaccines,influenza viruses still pose a huge threat to global public health.Traditional inactivated influenza vaccines(IIV)or live attenuated influenza vaccines(LAIV)are still main strategies for controlling annual seasonal epidemics,but they cannot provide protection for new influenza viruses with pandemic potential.Moreover,persistent antigen drift of seasonal influenza viruses leads to antigen mismatches,which seriously affects effectiveness of vaccine.Therefore,rapid optimization of seasonal influenza vaccine production and development of new pandemic influenza vaccine methods are still important tasks for influenza prevention.Recent reports have questioned effectiveness of current LAIV because of its limited scope of protection,which focuses on component of influenza A virus(IAV)in vaccine.Although reasons for poor protective effect of LAIV have not been clarified,researchers still need to develop new LAIV to overcome limitations of current protective effect of LAIV.Discovery and implementation of plasmid-based reverse genetics area key technology for rapid generation of reassorted attenuated influenza viruses,which can be used to develop new and more effective LAIV.In this review,we will elaborate on safety,immunogenicity and protective efficacy of new type of LAIV,and summarize new progress in LAIV research to inspire new ideas for influenza vaccine research.

关 键 词：流感病毒 流感灭活疫苗 流感减毒活疫苗 反向遗传学方法 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]