口腔种植体材料表面处理及其抗菌、诱导成骨的能力  

Surface treatment of dental implant materials and their antibacterial and osteoinductive ability

作　　者：王月升[1] 高炜 彭诚[1] Wang Yuesheng;Gao Wei;Peng Cheng(Department of Stomatology,Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300211,China;Department of Interventional Therapy,Cancer Institute and Hospital,Tianjin Medical University,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin 300060,China;State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学第二医院口腔科,天津市300211 [2]天津医科大学肿瘤医院介入治疗肿瘤科,国家临床医学研究中心,天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室,天津市300060 [3]亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室(燕山大学),河北省秦皇岛市066004

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第12期1961-1968,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学重点实验室开放课题(202101),项目负责人:高炜;河北省自然科学基金(C2021202002),项目参与人:高炜。

摘　　要：背景:种植体材料应具备良好的生物相容性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性以及优良的力学性能。目前常用的种植体材料主要有金属及其合金、陶瓷、高分子聚合物等。因口腔内复杂的组织微环境,以及患者自身的饮食和卫生习惯,口腔内细菌滋生而引起的种植体周围炎也是导致种植体失败的重要因素。越来越多的研究者探究种植体表面的处理方法以及抗菌涂层,以期材料具有更好的诱导成骨能力和抗菌性。目的:针对种植体的材料、表面处理工艺以及表面涂层类型3个方面进行了归纳总结,以供研究和临床参考。方法:应用计算机在Web of Science、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据库检索涉及牙种植体生物领域的相关研究,检索关键词为“dental implant,dental implants materials,dental implant surface treatment,antibacterial activity”“牙种植体表面处理,牙种植体表面涂层,牙种植体材料,牙种植体骨结合,牙种植体周围炎,抗菌活性”,检索时间为2011年3月至2021年8月,共检索到1500篇相关文献,实际纳入67篇。结果与结论:牙种植体在临床已经得到相对比较广泛的应用和发展。但对于种植体材料而言,纯钛类种植体因其弹性模量过高和引发的炎症问题仍需进行改善;后被研发出的钛合金也存在刺激骨生长的问题;钽及钽基合金因价格昂贵,多以涂层形式出现,在临床应用受到限制;而陶瓷类种植体如氧化锆的远期效果仍需进一步观察和验证,该类种植体脆性大、易断裂;高分子材料弹性模量与骨组织接近,但其强度和成骨活性仍需进一步研究。除此之外,口腔内复杂的微生物环境引起的种植体周围炎也会导致种植体失败。因此,在牙种植体表面进行表面处理和涂层技术,以促进骨形成、骨结合、抗感染等问题是非常有必要的,在今后的研究中,二者联合应用的方式有望成为学者们关注的一大方向。BACKGROUND:The implant material is required to show good biocompatibility,corrosion resistance,wear resistance,and excellent mechanical properties.At present,the commonly used implant materials mainly include metals and their alloys,ceramics,and high molecular polymers.Peri-implantitis caused by the growth of bacteria in the oral cavity due to the complex environment in the oral cavity,as well as the patient’s own diet and hygiene habits,is the important factor leading to the failure of the implant.More and more researchers are exploring the surface treatment and antibacterial coatings methods of the implant surface,providing osteoinductive and antibacterial properties.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the three aspects of implant materials,surface treatment technology and surface coating types for research and clinical reference.METHODS:Online search of Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding dental implant in the biological field published between March 2011 and August 2021.The English search terms were“dental implant,dental implants materials,dental implant surface treatment,antibacterial activity”.The Chinese search terms were“surface treatment,surface coating,dental implants materials,dental implant osseointegration,peri-implantitis,antibacterial activity”.Totally 1500 articles were retrieved.Among them,67 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental implants have been widely used and developed in the clinic.As far as the implant materials are concerned,pure titanium implants still need to be improved due to their high elastic modulus and inflammation caused by them.The following developed titanium alloys also have the problem of stimulating bone growth.Tantalum and tantalum-based alloys are expensive and mostly appear in the form of coatings,which limits their clinical application.The long-term effect of ceramic implants such as zirconia still needs further observation and verification,which are brittle and easy to break.The elastic modulus of polymer mat

关 键 词：牙种植体 种植体材料 表面处理工艺 表面涂层类型 联合应用 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R783.6