小型猪心肌缺血模型的构建及应用现状  

Construction and application of myocardial ischemia model in miniature pigs

作　　者：宋健[1] 赵磊[2] 刘挨师[2] Song Jian;Zhao Lei;Liu Aishi(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Department of Imaging Diagnostics,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010000 [2]内蒙古医科大学附属医院影像诊断科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第5期772-778,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关项目(2019GG070),项目负责人:刘挨师。

摘　　要：背景:缺血性心脏病的患病率与死亡率日益升高,研究心肌缺血病理生理机制、诊断方法以及治疗手段十分重要。通过构建动物模型,研究者可以深入了解心肌缺血的病理生理机制、治疗效果与药物安全性。目的:归纳和总结心肌缺血造模方法及研究思路,揭示心肌缺血动物模型建立的现状和进展,比较各种造模方法的优缺点,终点介绍小型猪缺血模型为临床研究提供借鉴意义。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed以及GeenMedical数据库,文献检索时间为2000年1月到2021年12月,以“心肌缺血、动物模型、小型猪”和“Myocardial ischemia,Animal models,Miniature pigs”为检索词,按照纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选。最终纳入52篇符合标准的文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①目前,临床用于心肌缺血研究的模型主要有大型动物物种(犬和猪)、兔子以及啮齿类动物(大鼠和小鼠),其中小型猪是缺血性心脏病中最为理想的动物模型供体,被广泛用于心肌缺血模型构建。②在各种急性心肌缺血小型猪模型构建方法中,开胸手术法和微电流刺激法具有精准定位的特点;闭胸手术法、药物法和微电流刺激法较开胸手术法操作简便,更贴合临床急性心肌缺血病理过程,并且闭胸手术法相较于其他方法,具有微创、可重复性高的优点,目前已成为首选建模方法。③在各种慢性心肌缺血小型猪模型构建方法中,微循环栓塞法可以通过阻塞微血管来探索微循环障碍所致慢性心肌缺血的病理机制;冠脉外慢性收缩法与次全结扎法在原理上都是通过血管外机械压迫导致慢性心肌缺血,但次全结扎较慢性收缩法狭窄范围更加可控,且对血管壁自然结构的损伤更小。④内膜增殖法联合高脂饮食法更贴近临床上动脉粥样硬化斑块所致冠状动脉慢性狭窄的病理机制,因此目前最常选用�BACKGROUND:With the increasing prevalence and mortality of ischemic heart disease,it is very important to study the pathophysiological mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia.By constructing animal models,researchers can deeply understand the pathophysiological mechanisms,therapeutic effects and drug safety of myocardial ischemia.OBJECTIVE:To summarize myocardial ischemia model methods so as to reveal the present situation and progress of myocardial ischemia animal models and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various establishing methods,thereby providing reference for relevant clinical studies.METHODS:The databases of CNKI,WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform,PubMed and GeenMedical were searched by computer from January 2000 to December 2021 using the keywords of“myocardial ischemia;animal models;miniature pigs.”Finally,52 articles were included for review analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present,the clinical models of myocardial ischemia mainly include large animal species(dogs and pigs),rabbits,and rodents(rats and mice).Miniature pigs are the most ideal animal model donors for ischemic heart disease and have been widely used to prepare myocardial ischemia models.Among various methods for establishing acute myocardial ischemia models,open heart surgery and microcurrent stimulation have the characteristics of accurate positioning.Compared with the open thoracic surgery,closed thoracic surgery,drugs and microcurrent stimulation are simpler and more suitable for the clinical pathological process of acute myocardial ischemia.Moreover,the closed thoracic surgery that is minimally invasive and of high repeatability has become the preferred method.The main methods to construct the model of chronic myocardial ischemia include intima proliferation method,external chronic contraction method,microcirculation embolization method,high-fat diet method and subtotal ligation method.Microcirculation embolization can be used to explore the path

关 键 词：缺血性心脏病 急性心肌缺血 慢性心肌缺血 动物模型 造模方法 小型猪 品种 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364