山西高原丘陵区酥梨气候品质评价标准研究  

Evaluation Standard of Climate Quality of Crisp Pears in Plateau and Hills of Shanxi Province

作　　者：田晓婷 李瑞萍[1] 荆肖军[1] 李梦军[1] 李树文 TIAN Xiaoting;LI Ruiping;JING Xiaojun;LI Mengjun;LI Shuwen(Taiyuan Meteorological Bureau,Taiyuan 030082,China)

机构地区：[1]太原市气象局,山西太原030082

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第7期1030-1035,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z034);山西省气象科技发展项目(SXKMSQH20205225)。

摘　　要：为建立山西高原丘陵区酥梨气候品质评价方法与分级标准,在田间试验基础上,利用2018—2019年山西省7个主要规模化酥梨生产地的酥梨果品品质指标、物候观测资料、气象观测资料以及历史气候资料,运用相关分析、多元回归、主成分分析、加权求和等方法,研究酥梨作物各生育期气象条件与酥梨果品品质之间的关系。结果表明,影响酥梨果品品质的关键气象因子为成熟期降水量、果实膨大期日照时数、成熟期气温日较差、评价期平均气温,将其确定为酥梨气候品质气象指标;酥梨果品品质与气象指标的关键气象因子间显著相关:酥梨的平均单果质量与成熟期降水量、可溶性固形物含量与果实膨大期日照时数呈显著正相关,酸含量与成熟期气温日较差、固酸比与评价期平均气温呈显著负相关,由此建立酥梨果品品质单项指标气候模型;得出酥梨气候品质评价指标等级标准,特优级酥梨的气候品质指标为成熟期降水量在30.0~90.0 mm,果实膨大期日照时数≥350 h,成熟期气温日较差平均值≥11.0℃,评价期平均气温在18.5~20.5℃;利用加权求和法建立酥梨气候品质综合评价模型,得出气候品质评价等级,当气候品质评价指数(ICQE)≥2.5时,酥梨气候品质评价等级为特优。对气候品质指标及评价模型进行检验,准确率在80%以上,其可用于实际认证业务。In order to set up a climate quality-evaluating approach and grading standard for crisp pears in hills and plateau of Shanxi province, this study was based on field experiment, making use of the quality test data of crisp pears, phenological observation data, meteorological observation data, and historical climate data from 7 major large-scale producing areas of crisp pears from 2018 and 2019 in Shanxi province. the study of the relation between meteorological conditions in different growth periods and fruit quality of crisp pears has been studied by methods such as correlation analysis, multiple regression, principal component analysis, and weighted summation. The results showed that the key meteorological factors which could significantly influenced the fruit qualities were: precipitation at maturity stage, duration of sunshine at fruit expansion stage, diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, mean temperature at evaluation stage. These could be settled as meteorological index of climate quality of crisp pears. A significant correlation between fruit quality and key meteorological factors of meteorological index were noticed: there was a significant positive correlation between average single fruit weight and precipitation at maturity stage, soluble solid content and duration of sunshine at fruit expansion stage;and there was a significant negative correlation between acid content and diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, solid acid ratio and mean temperature at evaluation stage.Based on the study, a single index climate model of quality of the crisp pears could be established. Grading standards for climate quality evaluation index of crisp pears were obtained. The climatic quality index of the best grade of crisp pears was as follows:precipitation at maturity period ranged from 30.0 mm to 90.0 mm, duration of sunshine at fruit expansion stage was over 350 h,mean value of diurnal temperature range at maturity stage was larger than 11.0 ℃, and mean temperature at evaluation stage ranged from 18.5 �

关 键 词：酥梨 气候品质 田间试验 评价标准 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]