论贿赂犯罪的职务关联性  

On the Duty-Relatedness of Bribery Crime

作　　者：[日]桥爪隆[1] 王昭武(译) Hashizume Takashi

机构地区：[1]日本东京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 [2]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2022年第2期186-200,共15页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：成立贿赂犯罪,要求职务与贿赂之间存在对价关系,具有职务关联性。公务员的职务既包括正当的职务亦包括不正当的职务。下述几种情形可以成立受贿犯罪:(1)公务员不是就现在担当的职务,而是就其一般性职务权限收受贿赂的;(2)就过去担任的职务收受贿赂,如果存在对价性,而且受贿当时具有公务员身份的;(3)公务员就现在尚未担任但将来有可能担任的职务收受贿赂的;(4)不是就公务员本来的职务,而是针对职务密切关联行为收受贿赂的。不过,公务员利用自己的地位或者权限,对相关人员施加影响的,要认定成立受贿犯罪,还需要能将施加影响的行为评价为职务,即便处于能对对方施加某种影响的地位,也不能仅凭这一点就直接认定属于职务密切关联行为。公务员不正当地使用、泄露因职务而获得的信息的行为,难以被直接评价为公务员的职务。The establishment of a bribery crime requires the existence of a consideration between the duty and the bribery,thus having the property of duty-relatedness.The duties of civil servants include both legitimate and illegitimate duties.The crime of accepting bribes can be established in the following situations:(1)civil servants accept bribes not for their current positions,but for their general authority;(2)due to their past positions and if there is a consideration,the civil servants accept bribes,or accepted bribes when they were in their positions;(3)civil servants accept bribes for the positions that they have not yet held but are likely to hold in the future;(4)civil servants accept bribes not for their original positions,but for acts closely related to their positions.However,if a civil servant uses his position or authority to exert influence on relevant personnel,in order to establish a crime of accepting bribes,it is also necessary to evaluate the act of exerting influence as a duty.It should be noted that even if the civil servant exerts some influence on the other party in his position,this cannot be cited as the sufficient evidence to directly determine that it is an act closely related to the position of duty.For example,it is difficult to be directly evaluated as his duty when a civil servant improperly uses or discloses the information obtained from his job.

关 键 词：受贿罪 对价关系 职务关联性 一般性职务权限 职务密切关联行为 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]