不同授粉液对大樱桃坐果率及产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Different Pollinating Solutions on Fruit Setting Rate,Yield and Quality of Sweet Cherry(Prunus avium)

作　　者：穆雪 赵晓美 李荣飞 罗克明[1,2] 王梦柳 韦茜 MU Xue;ZHAO Xiaomei;LI Rongfei;LUO Keming;WANG Mengliu;WEI Qian(Guizhou Institute of Horticulture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;College of Agriculture,Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000;Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liupanshui,Guizhou 553000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省园艺研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550006 [3]安顺学院农学院,贵州安顺561000 [4]六盘水市农业科学研究院,贵州六盘水553000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第7期26-30,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“贵州省大樱桃提质增效技术研究与示范”[黔科合支撑(2021)一般236]。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同授粉液施用后大樱桃的坐果率、品质及产量变化,为贵州地区大樱桃高产优质生产提供参考。【方法】以4年生大樱桃品种曙光2号为试验材料,设置不同授粉液处理(处理1,0.2%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.2%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3%白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15%高效座果灵;处理2,0.4%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.4%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.5%白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15%高效座果灵;处理3,5 L清水+2 g花粉液;处理4,CK,自然授粉),分析不同处理间大樱桃的坐果率、新梢生长量、果实品质和产量差异。【结果】处理1、2、3、4(CK)的坐果率分别为27.17%、27.16%、19.65%和0.87%,新梢生长量分别为68.33 cm、67.81 cm、67.27 cm和68.60 cm;处理1和处理2果实的内在品质与自然授粉无显著差异;处理1和处理2产量分别为1.347 kg/株和1.278 kg/株,较自然授粉分别提升1.297 kg/株和1.228 kg/株。【结论】人工辅助液体授粉能够显著提高大樱桃的坐果率、果实单果重、纵横径和产量,对新梢生长量无显著影响,液体授粉适宜配比为0.2%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.2%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3%白砂糖+2 g花粉液+5 L纯净水+7.5 mL 0.15%高效坐果灵。【Objective】The variation in fruit setting rate,quality and yield of sweet cherry applied with different pollinating solutions are studied to provide a reference for the production of high-yield and good-quality sweet cherry in Guizhou area.【Method】Four pollinating solution treatments are set up,including T_(1)(0.2%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.2%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3%white sugar+2 g pollen+5 L purified water+7.5 mL 0.15%efficient Zuoguoling),T_(2)(0.4%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.4%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.5%white sugar+2 g pollen+5 L purified water+7.5 mL 0.15%efficient Zuoguoling),T_(3)(5 L clear water+2 g pollen)and T_(4)(CK,natural pollination).The variation in fruit setting rate,new shoot growth,fruit yield and quality of 4-year sweet cheery cultivar Shuguang 2 under different treatments are analyzed.【Result】The fruit setting rate and new shoot growth of Shuguang 2 under T_(1),T_(2),T_(3) and T_(4) treatment are 27.17%,27.16%,19.65%and 0.87%,and 68.33 cm,67.81 cm,67.27 cm and 68.60 cm respectively.There is no obvious difference in intrinsic quality of fruit among T_(1),T_(2) and T_(4) treatment.The yield of Shuguang 2 under T_(1) and T_(2) treatment are 1.347 kg/plant and 1.278 kg/plant,increased by 1.297 kg/plant and 1.228 kg/plant compared with that of T_(4) treatment.【Conclusion】Artificial assisted liquid pollination treatment can improve the fruit setting rate,single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and yield of sweet cherry significantly,but has no significant effect on new shoot growth.The suitable proportion of liquid pollination is 0.2%KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.2%H_(3)BO_(3)+0.3%white sugar+2 g pollen+5 L purified water+7.5 mL 0.15%efficient Zuoguoling.

关 键 词：大樱桃 坐果率 人工辅助授粉 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]