见义勇为中救助人求偿问题探析——《民法典》第一百八十三条和第九百七十九条之适用  

An Analysis of the Problem of Rescuers Seeking Compensation in the Face of Justice——Also on the Application of Articles 183 and 979of the Civil Code in Disputes over Claims

作　　者：娄逸骅 Lou Yihua

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《行政与法》2022年第6期65-71,共7页Administration and Law

摘　　要：我国为保护见义勇为救助人的利益制定了双轨并行的救助人求偿规则,但在适用《民法典》第一百八十三条和第九百七十九条时在责任性质和法律后果上存在不同。适用第一百八十三条,受助人承担的是公平责任,救助人可以向受助人请求适当补偿;适用第九百七十九条,管理人因管理事务受到损失的,管理人可以向受益人请求适当补偿。本文认为,基于在救助人救济的问题上第一百八十三条发挥着兜底的作用,应区别第一百八十三条与第九百七十九条的法律效果;法官应采取内部控制和外部酌减相结合的方式协调当事人之间的利益,如无必要不得行使外部酌减权;应加大公力救济力度,以补充现有求偿规则的不足。In order to protect the interests of rescuers who are righteous and courageous,our country has formulated a double-track parallel rescuer’s compensation rules.However,the two rules of Article 183 and Article 979 of the Civil Code are different in the nature of liability and legal consequences.In Article 183,the aided person bears the equitable responsibility,and the rescuer may request appropriate compensation from the aided person.In Article 979,if the administrator suffers losses due to management affairs,the administrator may request appropriate compensation from the beneficiary.At present, the legal effects of Article 183 and Article 979 should be distinguished.Article 183 actually plays a fundamental role in the issue of relief for rescuers.Therefore,the court should adopt a combination of internal control and external discretion,pay attention to reconciling the interests of the parties,but should not exercise external discretion if it is not necessary.In addition,the relevant departments need to increase public relief efforts to supplement the insufficiency of the existing compensation rules.

关 键 词：见义勇为 无因管理 二元救济 公平责任 类案异判 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]