鸟翼空气动力学机理的研究现状和进展综述  

A review of the research status and progress on the aerodynamic mechanism of bird wings

作　　者：宋笔锋[1,2] 稂鑫雨 薛栋 杨文青 包晗[1] 刘丹 吴涛 刘康 宋文萍 王跃 SONG BiFeng;LANG XinYu;XUE Dong;YANG WenQing;BAO Han;LIU Dan;WU Tao;LIU Kang;SONG WenPing;WANG Yue(School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Research&Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518057,China;Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Taicang 215400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学深圳研究院,深圳518057 [3]西北工业大学长三角研究院,太仓215400

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2022年第6期893-910,共18页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFB1300102);国家自然科学基金(批准号:11872314,U1613227,11902103);陕西省重点研发计划(编号:2020GY-154,2020ZDLGY06-05,2021ZDLGY09-10)资助项目。

摘　　要：首先,本文力图比较客观全面地回顾、总结和分析影响鸟翼气动特性的四种因素间单独与耦合效应的空气动力学机理研究的现状和存在的问题.其次,在分析和研究现有成果的基础上,根据计算和实验手段等的进步与限制,提出了需要进一步研究的问题、策略和方法.文中涉及的四种主要因素包括鸟翼静态几何外形、四种宏观扑动方式、翼的展弦向动态柔性变形和最近比较受关注的三种小尺度流动控制结构等.文中所讨论的通过力系和涡系分析,在充分考虑翼的静态几何外形、宏观扑动形式及翼的动态柔性变形影响的条件下,进一步揭示三种小尺度流动控制结构单独的气动机理和作用的策略和方法,以及探索这四种因素相互耦合条件下,自然界鸟翼的气动机理和作用的策略和方法,具有一定的理论价值.本文的观点、方法和结论对提高仿生飞行器具有参考意义.First,this paper tries to review,summarize,and analyze the current status and problems of the aerodynamic mechanism research on the independent and coupling effects among the four factors that would affect the aerodynamic characteristics of bird wings—objectively and comprehensively.Second,based on the analysis and study of the current research results,according to the progress and limitations of calculation and experimental means,the paper puts forward the problems,strategies,and methods that need further study.The four main factors considered in this paper include the static geometric shape of the bird’s wing,four kinematic modes,the dynamic chord-and span-wise flexible deformation of the wing,and three kinds of small-scale flow-control structures that have recently attracted more attention.In this paper,in full consideration of wing static geometry appearance,kinematic modes,and dynamic,flexible deformation,by the analysis of the forces and vortex on a bird’s wing,the strategies and methods to further clarify the individual aerodynamic mechanism and function of the three small-scale flow-control structures are proposed.Furthermore,under the condition of mutual coupling among the four factors,the strategies and methods to obtain the aerodynamic mechanism of a real bird wing are also put forward.The viewpoints,methods,and conclusions of this paper have guiding and reference value for improving a bionic aircraft.

关 键 词：鸟类飞行机理 宏观扑动 翼梢开缝 小翼羽 前后缘锯齿 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]