村民委员会选举中的选民结构:特征、形成与回归  

The Structure of Voters in the Election of the Villagers Committee:Characteristics,Formation and Return

作　　者：何阳 高小平[2] HE Yang;GAO Xiaoping(Institute of National Politics/Research Base of Forging the Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China;China Public Administration Society,Beijing 100017,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学民族政治研究院/铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,云南昆明650091 [2]中国行政管理学会,北京100017

出　　处：《求实》2022年第4期82-95,M0006,共15页Truth Seeking

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“云南农村流动人口参与村民自治的场域转换问题研究”(QN202113),主持人:何阳。

摘　　要：以村民委员会选举为实践形式的选举民主在全过程人民民主中发挥着重要作用,而选民结构决定着村民委员会的选举结果和选举绩效。村民委员会选举中选民结构从初始状态到最终状态呈现出具有选举资格人员在数量上远超参与有效投票人员的现象,且在年龄、性别、文化程度和是否“在场”等维度上具有多重特征。选民结构主要缘于村民委员会选举中形成的过滤机制,通过动力、信息、成本和村民选举委员会干预等过滤网对具有选举资格人员展开了层层过滤。要引导村民委员会选举中的选民结构理性回归,以村民委员会选举中的过滤机制为突破口,拆解动力、信息、成本和村民选举委员会干预这四层过滤网,增强村民参与村民委员会选举的内生动力,规范村民委员会选举信息公开发布机制,降低参与村民委员会选举的各种成本,并强化对村民选举委员会行为的监督。The electoral democracy in the form of villagers committee election plays an important role in the whole-process people’s democracy,and the structure of voters determines the election results and performance of the villagers committee.From the initial state to the final state,the structure of voters in the villagers committee election shows that the number of qualified voters is far more than that of effective voters,and there are multiple evolution characteristics in the dimensions of age,gender,education level and"presence".The structure of voters is mainly due to the filtering mechanism formed in the election of the villagers committee,which screens the qualified voters through the motivation,information,cost and the intervention of villagers’election committee.We should guide the rational return of the structure of voters in the election of villagers committees,and take the filtering mechanism in the election of villagers committees as a breakthrough point,and dismantle the four layers of filters,namely,motivation,information,cost and intervention of villagers’election committee.Meanwhile,we should strengthen the endogenous power of villagers’participation in the election of villagers committee,standardize the mechanism of information disclosure of villagers committee election,reduce the costs of participating in the election of villagers committee,and strengthen the supervision of the behavior of villagers election committee.

关 键 词：村民自治 村民选举 选民结构 过滤机制 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]