海冰与风场对布兰斯菲尔德海峡磷虾渔场作业适宜性的影响  

Impact of sea ice and wind field on the suitability of conventional krill fishing operation in the Bransfield Strait,Antarctica

作　　者：朱宇航 卓梦婷 朱国平[1,4,5,6] 董思宋 沈心仪 张春玲 程灵巧 胡松[1,4,7] ZHU Yuhang;ZHUO Mengting;ZHU Guoping;DONG Sisong;SHEN Xinyi;ZHANG Chunling;CHENG Lingqiao;HU Song(College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Polar Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Marine Ecosystem Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Marine Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,热带海洋环境国家重点实验室,广东广州510301 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]上海海洋大学,极地研究中心,上海201306 [5]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室极地海洋生态系统研究室,上海201306 [6]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [7]上海海洋大学,海洋科学与技术实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2022年第3期379-389,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406801);国家自然科学基金(41776185);中科院国际合作重点项目(183611KYSB20200059)。

摘　　要：全球变暖越来越受到人们的关注,南极海冰和风场作为气候变化的关键因子,显著影响着渔船作业的安全及经济效率。相较于连续泵吸捕捞渔船,我国普遍采用传统渔船开展南极磷虾捕捞作业,该作业易受到外界环境的影响。本实验针对磷虾捕捞作业的适应性,基于1989—2020年美国国家冰雪中心海冰密集度数据及欧洲中期天气预报中心风场数据,获得气候变化下南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)48.1亚区的南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡海冰密集度和风场的分布及变化趋势。结果显示,在全球变暖背景下,处于布兰斯菲尔德海峡的海冰和风速均呈减小趋势,较CCAMLR 48.2、48.3、48.4亚区,48.1亚区更适宜磷虾渔业捕捞作业。结合作业船位分布,渔船作业区域主要集中在布兰斯菲尔德中部海盆(CB)和东部海盆(EB)区域海冰密集度为0.15~0.2、较大风力(风力等级达6级及以上)天数在50~70 d的区域。1989—2020年海冰与风场对适宜作业天数的影响表现:区域内海冰影响下的适宜作业天数(海冰密集度<0.2的天数)有所增加,风场影响下的适宜作业天数(风力等级达6级以下的天数)减少。研究区域风力等级较低,相比之下,海冰对传统渔船作业的适宜性起主导作用。研究表明,未来传统渔船适宜作业天数将呈增加趋势,但海冰及风力的变化引起磷虾资源的变动需要在今后研究中予以考虑。Global warming has attracted more and more attention.As the key factors of climate change,Antarctic sea ice and wind field significantly affect the safety and economic efficiency of fishing vessels.Krill fishery is an important part of China’s pelagic fishery.China generally uses traditional fishing vessels for krill fishing,which is more vulnerable to the external environment than continuous pumping fishing vessels.The changing environment has a more and more significant impact on Antarctica.However,there has been no regional study on sea ice and wind field in Bransfield Strait.According to the adaptability of krill fishing,based on the sea ice concentration data of the National Snow and Ice Data Center of the United States and the wind field data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)from 1989 to 2020,this study obtained the distribution and variation trend of sea ice concentration and wind in the Bransfield Strait,Antarctica within the Subarea 48.1 of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR)under climate change.The results show that under the background of global warming,the sea ice and wind speed in Bransfield Strait in Subarea 48.1 showed a decreasing trend,compared with CCAMLR Subarea 48.2,48.3,and 48.4,Subarea 48.1 was more suitable for krill fishing.According to the distribution of fishing vessels’operating positions,the fishing operation area was mainly concentrated in central basin(CB)area and eastern basin(EB),and the sea ice concentration was 0.15-0.2 and in areas with large wind force(wind force level reached level 6 and above)for 50-70 days.For the characteristics of sea ice and wind field from 1989 to 2020,the suitable operation days under the influence of sea ice in Bransfield Strait(the days with sea ice density<0.2)increased;the wind direction in this area was mainly to the west,and the number of days with large wind force was less,and the trend was mainly increasing.Due to the low Beaufort scale in the study area,the suitable

关 键 词：南极磷虾 海冰 风场 拖网渔业 渔场 布兰斯菲尔德海峡 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]