面向风电机组有功功率控制的风轮变速运行模式比较研究  

Comparative Study of Rotor Speed Variation Modes for Active Power Control of Wind Turbine Generators

作　　者：殷明慧[1] 顾伟[1] 陈载宇 邹云[1] YIN Minghui;GU Wei;CHEN Zaiyu;ZOU Yun(School of Automation,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学自动化学院,江苏省南京市210094

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2022年第12期4419-4429,共11页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51977111);江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(XNY-025);江苏省科技成果转化专项资金项目(BA2019045)。

摘　　要：电力系统迫切需要风电机组(简称风机)从最大功率点跟踪控制转变为支撑电网二次调频的有功功率控制(active power control,APC)。延续最大功率点跟踪控制的设计思路,现有风机APC控制研究大多基于系统稳态的视角,将风机控制到稳定平衡点,在稳定平衡点处响应电网指令和维持机电动态稳定。但面对湍流风速,大惯量风轮实际上处于不断变速的动态过程中,而非持续运行在稳定平衡点处,对APC控制性能造成不容忽视的影响。为此该文从现有风机APC控制策略中归纳出两种风轮变速运行模式:主动变速和被动变速,两者对应于截然不同的变速机理和动态过程。运用频域分析和实验数据分析,比较了两种变速运行模式在功率指令响应性能、传动链载荷及变桨执行机构疲劳载荷方面的差异。结果表明,被动变速放弃了对稳定平衡点的跟踪,利用风轮惯性响应缓冲风速波动,更适用于湍流风速场景。该文工作为风机APC控制设计与性能优化提供了风机运行机理方面的基础。Wind turbine generators(WTG) are urgently expected to provide the active power control(APC) to support the secondary frequency regulation instead of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT) control for maximizing generation benefit.By originating from the framework of MPPT control,the existing APC strategies for WTGs are developed usually from the steady-state viewpoint.WTG is attempted to be controlled to a stable equilibrium point where the power command dispatched from power systems can be followed by the electric power produced by WTG while the turbine stability is maintained.However,under turbulent wind,the wind rotor with large inertia spends most of the time in rotor speed regulation rather than operating at the stable equilibrium point,which consequently exerts a significant influence on the control performance of APC.Hence,in this paper,by summarizing the existing APC strategies of WTGs,two types of rotor speed variation mode,including active rotor speed variation and passive rotor speed variation,were proposed.They essentially differed in the mechanism and dynamic process of rotor speed variation.Through frequency-domain analysis and experimental study,these two types of rotor speed variation mode were compared from the response to power command,the drive train load and the fatigue load of pitch servo.The comparison results show that the passive rotor speed variation is more suitable for the turbulent wind scenario,because it abandons the attempt to track stable equilibrium points and utilizes the inertial response of wind rotor as an energy buffer against wind speed fluctuations.This work can provide a foundation for the design and optimization of APC strategies of WTGs from the perspective of operation mechanism of wind turbines.

关 键 词：风电机组 有功功率控制 风轮变速 湍流风速 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]