黄果梨整形修剪技术试验  

Experiment on the shaping and pruning technology of Huangguo Pear

作　　者：郭晶 刘小利[2,3] 魏海斌 GUO Jing;LIU Xiaoli;WEI Haibin(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Qinghai Plateau,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海高原林木遗传育种实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2022年第4期25-30,共6页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省林业和草原局科技推广示范项目(青[2020]TG04号);青海省科学技术厅项目(2019-NK-C03)。

摘　　要：为了明确黄果梨枝条修剪反应特性及最佳栽培树形,开展了黄果梨枝条对修剪强度的反应及幼树丰产树形选择试验。修剪强度反应试验通过对黄果梨一年生枝条进行5种短截处理后,于秋季(10月上旬左右)调查萌芽率、成枝率、枝条长度、粗度、节间长度、枝条生长量及结果枝形成情况;黄果梨幼树丰产树形选择试验采用主干形、小冠疏层形、纺锤形和CK(任意树形)后于秋季调查树体生长及结果情况,并测定可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性单宁含量及单株产量和单果重。结果表明:(1)黄果梨枝条在轻、中、重度短截范围内,处理3(重短截)的萌芽率和成枝率均为最高,分别为82.98%和67.43%,表明修剪强度与萌芽率和成枝率之间呈正相关关系;但超出一定修剪强度(极重短截),萌芽率反而偏低。(2)各处理剪口下萌发的枝条长度、粗度和节间长度随着修剪强度的增大而增加,说明修剪措施能够促进枝条生长量,CK(长放)的结果枝比率最高为21.67%0(3)黄果梨幼树采用小冠疏层形的单株总枝量和长枝最多,分别为105个/株和78.67个/株;主干形的中短枝数量和结果枝数量最多,分别为40.33,35.33个/株。说明合理的整形修剪措施可提高树体生长势。(4)主干形的单株产量和可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为2.79 kg/株和12.73%;可滴定酸和可溶性单宁含量最低,分别为0.60%,36.75%o处理2(小冠疏层形)的单果重最大为234.33 g。说明一定的整形修剪措施可提高果实品质、增加产量。本研究结果可为黄果梨栽培提供技术支撑。The experiments on the response characteristics of Huangguo Pear branches to pruning intensity and the selection of high-yield tree shape of young trees are carried out in order to investigate the pruning response characteristics of Huangguo Pear branches and the best cultivation tree shape.In the experiment of pruning intensity response,five kinds of short cutting treatments are carried out on the annual branches of Huangguo Pear to investigate the germination rate,branching rate,branch length,thickness,internode length,branch growth and fruiting branch formation in autumn(about the first ten days of October).In the selection experiment of high-yield tree shape of Huang-guo Pear young trees,three treatments of trunk shape,small crown layer shape and spindle shape are used to compare with any tree shape.The tree growth and fruit bearing are investigated in autumn.The content of soluble solids,titratable acids,soluble tannins,yield per plant and fruit weight is determined as well.The results show that:(1)In terms of light,medium and severe short cutting,treatment 3 has the highest germination rate and branching rate with a value of 82.98%and 67.43%respectively,indicating that the pruning intensity is positively correlated with the two rates.However,the germination rate is low when the pruning intensity exceeds a certain level.(2)The length,thickness and internode length of sprouting branches under each treatment increases with the increase of pruning intensity,indicating that pruning measures can improve the growth of branches.The proportion of fruiting branches is the highest in CK treatment with a value of 21.67%.(3)Huangguo Pear young trees with small crown and thin layer have the most total branches and long branches per plant,105 and 78.67 per plant respectively.The number of medium and short branches and fruiting branches in trunk shape is the largest,40.33 and 35.33 per plant respectively.This indicates that the growth potential of trees can be improved by reasonable pruning measures.(4)The yield per plant

关 键 词：黄果梨 修剪强度 丰产树形 生物学特性 品质特性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]