冬绿肥联合稻秆还田对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of winter green manure cultivation and rice straw retention on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy field

作　　者：崔月贞 王吕 吴玉红[1] 郝兴顺 张春辉[1] 秦宇航[1] 吴建静 CUI Yuezhen;WANG Lü;WU Yuhong;HAO Xingshun;ZHANG Chunhui;QIN Yuhang;Wu Jianjing(Hanzhong Agricultural Science Institute,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第7期100-108,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目(LM202001);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLNY01-05-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同品种冬绿肥联合稻秆还田对汉中盆地水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为探索适宜汉中水稻生产的绿色栽培技术提供科学依据。【方法】通过连续2年定位试验,设置水稻秸秆不还田(WSN)、水稻秸秆还田(WS)、紫云英和稻秆还田(CS)、油菜秸秆和稻秆还田(RS)、毛苕子和稻秆还田(HS)5个处理,研究紫云英、毛苕子、油菜、冬闲联合稻秆还田对水稻产量及其构成要素、土壤养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性的影响,并对各因子与水稻产量的关系进行相关性分析。【结果】与WSN处理相比,冬绿肥联合稻秆还田显著提高了水稻产量,CS、HS和RS处理水稻产量2年平均增产14.51%,14.52%和8.49%。稻田土壤速效磷、有机质和全氮含量均以CS处理最高,且均与WSN处理达到差异显著水平。与WSN比较,CS、RS和HS处理稻田土壤微生物总量分别增加70.15%~336.19%,48.57%~183.11%和57.33%~293.55%,其中CS处理显著提高了土壤微生物数量,细菌数量比例上调,而真菌和放线菌数量比例下调,细菌与真菌数量的比值(B/F)升高,有效改善了稻田土壤微生物群落结构。CS处理土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性显著高于其他处理,较WSN处理分别增加17.69%,3.85%,35.36%和62.32%。相关性分析表明,水稻产量与土壤速效磷、全氮含量,土壤细菌、放线菌数量及土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性之间呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关。【结论】冬季种植紫云英联合稻秆还田有利于提高水稻产量和土壤养分含量,改善土壤微生物群落结构,增强土壤酶活性,是适宜汉中水稻生产的绿色高效栽培种植模式。【Objective】This study investigated the effects of winter green fertilizer combined with straw returning on rice yield and soil fertility to provide basis for exploring green cultivation techniques suitable for rice production in the Hanzhong Basin.【Method】There were 5 treatments in this study including winter leisure,rice straw no returning(WSN),winter fallow combined rice straw returning(WS),Chinese milk vetch and rice straw combined returning(CS),rape and rice straw returning(RS),and hairy vetch and rice straw combined returning(HS).The effects of Chinese milk vetch,rape,hairy vetch and winter fallow combined rice straw returning on rice yield and its components,soil nutrient contents,soil microorganisms and enzyme activities were studied,and their correlations were analyzed.【Result】The winter green fertilizer combined with rice straw returning significantly increased rice yield in compassion with WSN.The two-year average yields of rice treated with CS,HS and RS were increased by 14.51%,14.52%and 8.49%,respectively.The CS treatment resulted in highest contents of available phosphorus,organic matter and total nitrogen in paddy soil with significant differences compared to other treatments.Compared with WSN,the total numbers of soil microorganisms in CS,RS and HS were increased by 70.15%-336.19%,48.57%-183.11%and 57.33%-293.55%,respectively.CS treatment effectively improved the structure of soil microbial community in paddy field by significantly increasing the number of soil microorganisms,increasing the proportion of bacteria,decreasing the proportion of fungi and actinomycetes,and increasing the B/F value.The activities of urease,catalase,sucrase and dehydrogenase in CS treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments,and they were increased by 17.69%,3.85%,35.36%and 62.32%in comparison with WSN,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that there was significant(P<0.05)or very significant positive correlations(P<0.01)between rice yield and soil available phosphorus,total nitrogen

关 键 词：水稻 绿肥 秸秆还田 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S142.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]