晚清时期豫北的地权分配(1850—1911)  

Land Right Distribution in Northern Henan in the Late Qing Dynasty(1850-1911)

作　　者：李淑敏 LI Shumin(School of history,Zengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《荆楚学刊》2022年第3期47-55,共9页Jingchu Academic Journal

摘　　要：土地问题的核心是地权分配,是河南社会的一个基本问题。晚清豫北三府下辖二十四县,由于自然灾害与战乱、赋税徭役、宗族文化和分家析产制等诸多因素,其地权分配情况发生了显著变化。道光末年豫北耕地面积、人口密度和人均占田面积均达到饱和,人地关系也呈现最为紧张的状态。从整体趋势来看,豫北地权占有始终保持着动态变化,并非趋向集中,而是相对分散。地主土地所有制在延续和发展的基础上,仍产生了一定程度的衰退,而农民小土地所有制得到了长足发展。至晚清,豫北地主阶级占有土地总量约三成左右,小土地所有者日益增多,地权零碎化趋势显著。the core of land problem is land right distribution,which is a basic social problem in Henan.In the late Qing Dynasty,the three governmental sections in Northen Henan had jurisdiction over 24 counties.Due to many factors,such as frequent natural disasters and wars,severe taxes and corvee,strong clan culture and stable family division system,the land right distribution changed significantly.At the end of Daoguang Age,the cultivated land area,population density and per capita occupied land area in Northern Henan reached saturation.At this time,the relationship between man and land also showed the most tense state.The land ownership in Northern Henan has always maintained dynamic changes.From the overall trend,the land ownership in Northern Henan in the late Qing Dynasty did not tend to be centralized,but relatively dispersed.On the basis of continuation and development,the ownership of landlords’land still has a certain degree of decline;The ownership of farmers’small land has made great progress,but it is accompanied by the continuous deterioration of the situation of self-employed farmers.In the late Qing Dynasty,the landlord class in Northern Henan occupied about 30%of the total land,the land occupied share of land owners decreased,the number of small land owners increased day by day,and the trend of fragmentation of land ownership was significant.As a complex historical variable,the change of land right distribution in Northerm Henan has had a significant impact on the local social development and historical changes.

关 键 词：晚清 豫北 地权 人地关系 农民 地主 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]